Diabetes Flashcards
What is diabetes mellitus ?
A chronic multi system disease characterized by hyperglycemia related to abnormal insulin production impaired insulin use or both
Diabetes mellitus affected how many people in Us?
29.1 million
Diabetes mellitus is the what leading cause of death ?
7th
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of ? (3)
Adult blindness
End stage Renal disease
Nontraumaticlower limb amputation
What are the causes of diabetes mellitus? (3)
Genetic
Autoimmune
Environment
What is the pathophysiology of diabetes?
Disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent/insufficient insulin and or poor/ utilization of insulin
What are the 3 types of diabetes?
1.2. Gestational
What is insulin ?
Hormone produced by B cells in islets of langerhans of the pancreas
What does insulin promote?
Glucose transport from the bloodstream across the cell membrane to the cytoplasms of the cell
Without insulin, glucose is stuck that’s why we have hyperglycemia
Glucose and insulin are released continuously into bloodstream in what and with what?
Small increments with larger amounts released after food
Stabilize glucose level in range of ?
74-106mg/dl
Diabetes 1 vs 2
Any age but more common in young ?
Adults are more common?
Type of onset is insidious ?
Abrupt but present years before?
Prevalence 5-10%?
Prevalence 90-95%?
Environmental factors virus,toxins?
Environmental factors, obesity ?
Primary defect - absent of insulin prod
Insulin resistance?low prod?
Islet cell antibodies absent ?
Islet cell antibodies present at onset ?
Endogenous insulin absent?
Endogenous insulin present?
Nutritional state : thin
Nutritional state : obese
Symptoms : 3Ps weight loss
Symptoms : none ; 3Ps
Ketosis : resistant ex with infection
Ketosis : prone at onset
Nutrition therapy : essential ?
Insulin required for life?
Insulin required for some?
Vascular and neurologic complications?
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Both
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Both
