Diabetes Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
example of rapid acting insulin
A
- novorapid (insulin aspart)
- Humalog (insulin lispro)
2
Q
example of short acting insulin
A
- Actrapid
- Humulin S
3
Q
example of intermediate acting insulin
A
- isophane insulin
4
Q
Example of long-acting insulins
A
- insulin determir (levemir)
- insulin glargine (lantus)
5
Q
what are the side effects of insulin therapy
A
- hypoglycaemia
- lipodystrophy
- weight gain
6
Q
how does metformin work and what are its SE
A
increases insulin sensitivity
decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis
GI upset - use a modified release
lactic acidosis
7
Q
how does gliclazide work and its SE
A
- sulfonylurea
- stimulates beta cell to secrete more insulin
- hypoglycaemia
- weight gain
8
Q
how does pioglitazone work and SE
A
- activates PPAR gamma receptor in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake
weight gain
fluid retention
worsening of heart failure
9
Q
examples of ddp4 inhibitors
A
- sitagliptin
increases incretin levels which inhibit glucagon secretion
10
Q
empaglifozin and dapaglifozin are examples of what drug class
A
- SGLT-2 inhibitors
inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney
SE:
- UTI
11
Q
how do GLP-1 agonists work
A
- incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion
enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion
example:
- semaglutide
SE: N+V and pancreatitis
12
Q
A
