Diabetes Flashcards
Management of T1 and T2DM (19 cards)
What are normal A1C levels?
around 5%
What is defined as pre-diabetes?
A1C 6.0-6.4%
What lab value is considered T2DM?
A1C > 6.4%
What class is Metformin? What is its MOA?
Biguanide
Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
What drugs are sulfonylureas? MOA?
Gliclizide, Glimepiride, Glyburide.
work in the pancreas as an insulin secretagogue. They increase beta cell insulin release.
What drugs are DPP4i’s? MOA?
-gliptins, sitagliptin, linagliptin.
works in the pancreas, they increase insulin by decreasing incretin breakdown and decreasing glucagon. Lowers glucose in a glucose dependent manner.
GLP1 agonists? MOA?
-tide, liraglutide, semaglutide.
they work in the pancreas to increase insulin secretion by acting as an incretin mimetic, decreasing glucagon and GI emptying.
SGLT2i’s? MOA?
-flozins, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin.
they work in the kidney to increase urinary glucose excretion via decreased glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Thiazolidinediones? MOA?
who tf named this class of meds.
-glitazones, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone.
work in the adipose, muscle, and liver to increase insulin sensitivity, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increase peripheral insulin uptake.
Meglitinides? MOA?
Repaglinide.
work in the pancrease as a short acting insulin secretagogue, increases beta cell insulin release (different binding site than SUs).
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? MOA?
acarbose.
works in the gut to inhibit intestinal alpha-glucosidase, preventing hydrolysis and delaying carbohydrate digestion.
Metformin -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
no-low risk with monotherapy.
1-1.5%
weight loss or weight neutral.
SUs -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
moderate risk (esp. w/ gliclazide).
1-1.5%
weight gain.
DPP4i -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
no-low if monotherapy.
0.5-0.7%
weight loss or weight neutral.
GLP1 agonists -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
no-low if monotherapy.
1-1.5% OR 1.5-2% (Sema).
weight loss.
SGLT2i -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
no-low if monotherapy.
0.5-0.8%
weight loss.
Thiazolidinediones -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
no-low if monotherapy.
1%
weight gain.
Repaglinide -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
moderate risk.
1-1.5%
weight neutral or weight gain.
Acarbose -
Risk of hypoglycemia?
A1C lowering?
wt effects?
negligible.
0.5-0.8%
weight neutral or weight loss.
