Diabetes

Question 1

What is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 1

Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Question 2

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance?

Answer 2

Type 2 Diabetes.

Question 3

What is the main treatment for Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 3

Insulin therapy.

Question 4

What does DKA stand for?

Answer 4

Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Question 5

What are the classic symptoms of DKA?

Answer 5

Polyuria, polydipsia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and altered mental status.

Question 6

What is a common precipitating factor for DKA?

Answer 6

Infection.

Question 7

What is the primary treatment for DKA?

Answer 7

Fluid replacement and insulin administration.

Question 8

What does HHNS stand for?

Answer 8

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome.

Question 9

Which population is most commonly affected by HHNS?

Answer 9

Older adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Question 10

What is the hallmark of HHNS?

Answer 10

Severe hyperglycemia without significant ketosis.

Question 11

What is a key difference between DKA and HHNS?

Answer 11

DKA involves ketoacidosis; HHNS does not.

Question 12

What laboratory finding is typically elevated in DKA?

Answer 12

Blood ketones.

Question 13

What is the recommended blood glucose level for patients with diabetes?

Answer 13

Below 180 mg/dL postprandial and below 130 mg/dL fasting.

Question 14

What is the role of glucagon?

Answer 14

To raise blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Question 15

Which medication class is used as a first-line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 15

Biguanides, such as Metformin.

Question 16

What is the significance of the A1C test?

Answer 16

It measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.

Question 17

What is the target A1C level for most adults with diabetes?

Answer 17

Below 7%.

Question 18

What are the long-term complications of uncontrolled diabetes?

Answer 18

Neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.

Question 19

What is the primary mechanism of action of insulin?

Answer 19

To facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 20

What is a common side effect of insulin therapy?

Answer 20

Hypoglycemia.

Question 21

What dietary advice is typically given to patients with diabetes?

Answer 21

Focus on complex carbohydrates and monitor portion sizes.

Question 22

What is the function of the pancreas in diabetes?

Answer 22

To produce insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.

Question 23

What is the role of exercise in diabetes management?

Answer 23

To improve insulin sensitivity and help control blood sugar levels.

Question 24

What is a common symptom of hypoglycemia?

Answer 24

Sweating, shaking, and confusion.

Question 25

What is the recommended treatment for mild hypoglycemia?

Answer 25

Consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates.

Question 26

What is the significance of diabetic foot care?

Answer 26

To prevent ulcers and infections due to neuropathy and poor circulation.

Question 27

How often should patients with diabetes have their feet examined?

Answer 27

At least annually.

Question 28

What is the main complication associated with DKA?

Answer 28

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 29

What lab test is crucial for diagnosing DKA?

Answer 29

Serum ketones and blood glucose levels.

Question 30

In HHNS, what electrolyte imbalance is commonly observed?

Answer 30

Hypernatremia.

Question 31

What is the first step in treating HHNS?

Answer 31

Administering IV fluids.

Question 32

What lifestyle modification can significantly help manage Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 32

Weight loss.

Question 33

What is a common oral medication for Type 2 Diabetes that increases insulin secretion?

Answer 33

Sulfonylureas.

Question 34

What is the primary goal of diabetes management?

Answer 34

To maintain blood glucose levels within target ranges.

Question 35

What is the effect of stress on blood glucose levels in diabetics?

Answer 35

Stress can increase blood glucose levels.

Question 36

What should patients with diabetes monitor regularly?

Answer 36

Blood glucose levels and A1C.

Question 37

What is an important consideration for insulin administration?

Answer 37

Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy.

Question 38

What does the term 'insulin resistance' refer to?

Answer 38

When cells in the body do not respond effectively to insulin.

Question 39

What is a common symptom of Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 39

Increased thirst and frequent urination.

Question 40

What is the role of continuous glucose monitoring?

Answer 40

To provide real-time blood glucose readings and trends.

Question 41

What is the importance of patient education in diabetes management?

Answer 41

To empower patients to manage their condition effectively.