Diabetes

Question 1

What is diabetes

Answer 1

A condition where glucose in blood is too high because body cannot use it properly due to the pancreas not producing enough insulin, OR any insulin at all, to help glucose enter body cells. OR insulin produced does not work properly (insulin resistant) (Diabetes UK 2010).

Question 2

What are two types of diabetes

Answer 2

Type 1 - 10% of diabetics (diabetes uk 2014)- no insulin to unlock the cells.
insulin producing cells in pancreas have been destroyed. Usually die to viral infection causing abnormal reaction to cells. Usually in young, childhood. Acute onset, weight loss excess thirst, Ketones.
Type 2 - 90% of diabetics - not enough insulin or insulin is there but not working properly. Gradual onset, older heavier middle aged

Question 3

Prevalence

Answer 3

3.3m people diagnosed. 6.25% of gen pop. Estimated 590,000 who have condition but on know it (Diabetes UK 2015). Type 1 10% type 2 90%

Question 4

Atheroma (who 2006)

Answer 4

High glucose levels in blood affect walls of arteries - develop fatty deposits = atheroma

Question 5

Depression and diabetes

Answer 5

It is thought 20 -30 % of people with diabetes also have depression (Winckley, 2013).
Depression is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes but diabetes is also a risk factor for subsequent depression (Nouwen et al, 2010). This suggests the two conditions share common pathways as both are associated with physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease.

Question 6

Schizophrenia and diabetes

Answer 6

20% to 30% of patients with schizophrenia will develop diabetes or prediabetes during the course of psychiatric treatment.(Cohn 2012)
relating to lifestyle, anti psychotic use and social health determinants.

Question 7

Management of type 2

Answer 7

Commonly associated with raised BP. Disturbance of blood lipid levels could lead to thrombosis
need to make healthy lifestyle changes
therapy, self montoring, education.
all central to management (nice 2014)