Diabetes

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

source of energy for body tissues

Question 2

What Regulates Glucose

Answer 2

Liver, pancreas, muscle

Question 3

Liver

Answer 3

Releases stored or synthesizes glucose (gluconeogenesis)

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

Exocrine, Endocrine glands

Question 5

Exocrine

Answer 5

digestive enzymes

Question 6

Endocrine

Answer 6

Beta Cells, Alpha cells, Delta cells, F cells

Question 7

Beta cells

Answer 7

hypoglycemia hormone - insulin

Question 8

Alpha cells

Answer 8

hyperglycemic hormone - glucagon

Question 9

F cells

Answer 9

polypeptides used in digestion

Question 10

Skeletal muscle in regards to diabetes

Answer 10

target organ of insulin; most of insulin receptor sites where insulin binds, facilitating entry of glucose into the cell

Question 11

Insulin

Answer 11

secretion regulated by coordinated interaction of serum glucose levels, GI/pancreatic hormones, autonomic neurotransmitters. Most commonly triggered by high serum glucose level.

Question 12

Primary function of Insulin

Answer 12

lowers serum glucose levels by stimulating peripheral uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and fat.

Question 13

Tissues that do not require insulin to absorb glucose

Answer 13

nerve tissues, erythrocytes, kidney epithelium (tubules), cells of brain, intestines, liver, and retina

Question 14

Gestational

Answer 14

insufficient pancreatic function to overcome resistance for anti-insulin hormones serrated by placenta.

Question 15

Type 1

Answer 15

Autoimmune disorder- destruction of insulin secreting beta cells. it is an absolute insulin deficiency

Question 16

Type 2

Answer 16

Insulin Resistance usually from decrease in insulin production.

No appreciable loss of beta cells

No decrease in plasma insulin concentration but peripheral tissues resist insulin with resultant lack of glucose uptake

Linked closely to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, lack of activity

Question 17

Basal Insulin

Answer 17

continuous secretion maintaining glucose homeostatsis

Question 18

Prandial insulin

Answer 18

secretion stimulated in response to meals

Question 19

Indications of Insulin

Answer 19

low blood glucose and in hyperkalemia

Question 20

sliding scale

Answer 20

dr. prescribes amount of insulin to give give blood glucose levels

Question 21

Renal dysfunctions

Answer 21

insulin is filtered by glomerulus with 98% reabsorbed so this reduces the amount excreted with resultant reduction in required insulin dose required

Question 22

What does Insulin do?

Answer 22

Mimics effect of endogenous insulin

Increases cell membrane permeability to insulin, amino acids, and fatty acids

Maintains constant glucose level by changing glycogen into glucose

Converts excess glucose into glycogen

Promotes storage of fat by combining alpha-glycerophosphate with fatty acids to form triglycerides.