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Flashcards in Diabetes Deck (7)
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1
Q

Complications

A

FULL BODY

  • heart/kidney disease
  • depression
  • lower limb issues (feet)
  • neuropathy
  • erectile dysfunction
  • blindness

Chronic inflammation and systemic stress

2
Q

Type 1

A

5 - 10% of cases (usually seen in kids)
Autoimmune disease: unresolvable; beta cells in pancreas cannot use the sugars in the body
Symptoms: blurry eyes, weight loss, hunger, sweet smelling urine

3
Q

Type 2

A

90 - 95% of cases
Age of onset = >40
Insulin resistance or insulin deficiency (i.e. beta cells still work)
Symptoms: weight loss, blurry eyes, hunger/thirst, numb feet, sexual problems, frequent urination
Risk factors: being overweight
Can be cured with diet/exercise

4
Q

Type 1.5

A

Slow Onset Diabetes or Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA)
Characteristics of both T1 and T2
-autoantibodies (like T1) = autoimmune disease
-insulin dependence in 6 years
Often misdiagnosed as T2 –> T2 treatment methods

5
Q

Type 3

A

Lack of insulin/insulin resistance in the brain prevents glucose from reaching brain –> problems with growth/development/neural function

Brain abnormalities/cognitive impairment similar to Alzheimers

6
Q

New and upcoming diabetes issues

A

Beta cell restoration with stem cells (can be harvested from aborted fetuses)
Gene mapping to discover which genes are responsible for diabetes heritability

7
Q

Pima Indians

A

Diabetes rates 2.8 times higher than in overall US population (Arizona/Southwestern US) - 25% of males, 30% in females

Very healthy traditional diet (beans, squash, maize, game), but loss of water because of damming –> lots of donated foods with high shelf lives (sugar/fat/salt) –> obesity

ALSO genetic predisposition with activated immune system/IL6 gene
-activated immune system (immune to infectious diseases) = constant state of chronic inflammation –> diabetes
-IL6 = glucose/lipid metabolism, inflammation. baseline levels = predictive of type 2 development
Also: G allele (Pima = GG genotype) and COX2 gene