Flashcards in Diabetes Deck (29)
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1
What are the three rapid acting insulins?
Glulisine
Aspart
Lispro
2
Rapid acting insulin: indication?
For meals or acute hyperglycemia- inject immediately before meals
3
Regular insulin: indication?
For meals or acute hyperglycemia: needs to be injected 30-45 minutes before meals
4
NPH: indication
Provides basal insulin and overnight coverage
5
Name two long acting insulins
Glargine
Detmir
6
Glargine/detmir; indications?
Provides basal insulin and overnight coverage
7
Metformin: MOA?
Inhibition of mito complex I --> increased AMP --> decreased adenylate cyclase and increased AMPK
This OPPOSES glucagon and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis (increases glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity)
8
What is the main advantage of metformin?
Lowers fasting glucose levels
9
Main side effect of metformin?
Lactic acidosis
10
Metformin: contraindications?
Renal insufficiency, MI, CHF
11
MOA of sulfonylureas?
Inhibition of beta cell K+ channels --> increased insulin secretion
12
What is the advantage of sulfonylureas?
Slow onset/long duration --> lowers fasting glucose
13
What is the main adverse effect associated with sulfonylureas?
Increased risk of hypoglycemia
14
Sulfonylureas: contraindications?
Renal/liver disease
15
Meglitinides: MOA?
Inhibition of K+ channels --> glucose-dependent insulin secretion
16
Meglitinides: advantages?
Fast acting, short duration to decrease postprandial glucose
17
Thiazolidinediones: MOA?
Agonist of PPARgamma TF
Increased insulin sensitivity
Increase glucose utilization
Decrease insulin resistance
18
Thiazolidinediones: advantages?
Lowers fasting glucose
Lowers triglycerides
19
Thiazolidinediones: Adverse effects?
Weight gain (subQ)
Fluid retention/edema
Increased HF Risk
Increased bone fractures in women
20
Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone are what type of drugs?
thiazolidinediones
21
Name two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose, Miglitol
22
What is the MOA of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Inhibits the conversion of carbohydrates into monosaccharides/inhibits absorption
23
Name two incretin mimetics
Exenatide
Liraglutide
24
What is the MOA of exenatide/liraglutide?
Potentiates glucose-induced insulin release as a GLP-1 analog
Decreases pancreatic glucagon and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis
25
Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin are what type of drug?
DPP4 inhibitors
26
How do the DPP-4 inhibitors work?
Potentiates GLP-1 through inhibition of DPP-4, the peptidase that breaks down GLP-1
27
What is the MOA of pramlitide?
Amylin mimetic- decreases postprandial glucagon and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis
28
Canagliflozin and dapagliflozin are what class of drug?
SGLT2 inhibitors
29
