Diabetes

Question 1

What prevents BG from becoming too high

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

Glycemic Goal of treatment

Answer 2

HbA1C of less than 7%

Question 3

HbA1C normal level

Answer 3

<5.7

Question 4

HbA1C prediabetic

Answer 4

5.7-6.4

Question 5

HbA1C type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

> 6.5

Question 6

Fasting BG goal is

Answer 6

70-130 mg/dL

Question 7

Trigger for insulin secretion

Answer 7

Hyperglycemia; restores normal BG levels by moving BG into cells

Question 8

Glucagon is used to treat

Answer 8

HYPOglycemia; raised blood levels to normal

Question 9

Glucose does what vs insulin

Answer 9

raises the sugar

Insulin: levels out the sugar

Question 10

Type 1;

Answer 10

beta cells no longer make or secrete insulin

Question 11

Type 1 requires

Answer 11

external source of insulin

Question 12

Ketoacids–

Answer 12

fruity breath; deep breathing; kussmaul’s

Question 13

Type 2 biggest risk factors

Answer 13

obesity; sedentary lifestyle

Question 14

Type 2 related to insulin

Answer 14

it doesn’t bind as tightly to receptors; still making it not not full use of insulin

Question 15

Insulin therapy (type 1) goals:

Answer 15

maintain normal BG levels
To avoid ketoacidosis
To prevent/delay BV changes

Question 16

Insulin can cause a decrease in

Answer 16

K; watch out for hypokalemia

Question 17

When administering insulin IV; ensure

Answer 17

50mL of solution first prior to giving insulin

Question 18

What has hypoglycemic effects with concurrent use?

Answer 18

Sulfas
Meglitinides
Beta blockers
Alcohol

Question 19

Thiazide diuretics & glucocorticoids can raise

Answer 19

Blood glucose; adjust insulin dose accordingly

Question 20

Abrupt onset of hypoglycemia includes:

Answer 20

Sympathetic: 
Tachycardia
Palpitations
Diaphoresis
Shakiness

Question 21

gradual onset of hypoglycemia includes:

Answer 21

Parasympathetic: 
Headache
Tremors
Weakness
Lethargy
Disorientation

Question 22

Rapid acting insulin acts as body’s

Answer 22

natural rapid insulin output after eating a meal

Question 23

Only insulin allowed via IV

Answer 23

Regular

Question 24

Criteria for diagnosis diabetes

Answer 24

Fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/dL or A1C greater than 6.5%; no caloric intake for 8 hrs

Question 25

Long term consequences of type 1 & 2

Answer 25

``` Myocardial infarction Stroke Peripheral vascular disease Partial or complete blindness Kidney damage ```

Question 26

Another criteria for diagnosis of diabetes

Answer 26

"casual" glucose of 200 mg/dL or more with symptoms of diabetes

Question 27

Etiology of type 1

Answer 27

autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas

Question 28

DKA can lead to

Answer 28

coma/death

Question 29

DKA produces

Answer 29

ketones; no insulin is present & breakdown of the ketones (fatty parts in cells)

Question 30

What should be given alone

Answer 30

``` Regular insulin (U-500) Glargine ```

Question 31

Insulin normally facilitates the

Answer 31

removal of glucose from blood & stores as glycogen in liver

Question 32

Meal plans

Answer 32

low fat diet | 160-300g of carbs