Diabetes and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Beta cells do not produce insulin

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2
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Beta cells do not produce enough insulin

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3
Q

How is diabetes diagnosed?

A

Blood sugar level of >126mg/dL after overnight fast

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4
Q

What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?

A

Daily insulin injections, glucose tests, eating plan and regular exercise

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5
Q

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?

A

Eating plan and regular exercise, moving to medication

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6
Q

What are the complications of diabetes?

A

Retinopathy, renal disease, neuropathy, high blood pressure, erectile dysfunction

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7
Q

True or false: Exercise makes body cells more sensitive to insulin

A

True

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8
Q

How should changes to insulin dosage be made?

A

By changing by no more than 2 units at a time

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9
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

A

Blood glucose levels below 3.0mmol/L

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10
Q

What are the exercise recommendations for hypoglycaemia?

A
  • Exercise 30-60 minutes after eating

- Start exercise on upper end of normal blood sugar range

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of hypoglycaemia?

A
  • Occurs more at night
  • Causes peaks and troughs
  • After hypo, body usually rebounds into high blood glucose range
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12
Q

How can hypoglycaemia be prevented during continuous activity?

A
  • 15g complex carbohydrate per 20 mins of moderate activity > 1 hour
  • For exercise over 1 hour: Simple sugar soft drinks/fruit juice
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

A

Behaviour change, disorientation, inability to concentrate, sweating, paleness, headache, hunger

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14
Q

Who is at risk of hypoglycaemia?

A

Insulin dependent diabetics and type 2 diabetics using drugs from the sulphonylureas group

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15
Q

What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia?

A
  • 125mL fruit juice
  • 200mL soft drink
  • 7 diabetic jelly beans
  • Dessert spoon of jam/honey
    Feed, wait 10-15 minutes, feed again with 15g complex carbohydrate
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16
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

Blood sugar levels more than 14mmol/L

17
Q

What happens when the body is insulin deficient?

A

Body breaks down fat for energy, causing ketones to form

18
Q

How many injections does high level activity require per day?

A

4 - 3 short-acting and 1 long-acting insulin

19
Q

Where should active people inject insulin?

A

The abdomen

20
Q

What should the feet of diabetics be examined for?

A

Changes in skin colour, swelling, sores, ingrown toenails, cracks/cuts

21
Q

What effect can activity have on a diabetic’s vision?

A

Retinal detachment or vitreous haemorrhage