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IPC Endocrine Week 2 > Diabetes Complications > Flashcards

Diabetes Complications Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the BG criteria for hypoglycemia?

A

<70

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2
Q

What is the treatment for stage 1 hypoglycemia (mild/mod)?

A

-check BG
-eat 15 g carb load (fast-acting sugars)
-wait 15 mins to re-check BG
-follow up with more substantial snack

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3
Q

What is the treatment for stage 2 hypoglycemia (sev)?

A

Glucagon: 1 mg IV, IM, SQ or NS

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4
Q

What is the onset of IV glucagon?

A

5-20 mins

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5
Q

What is the onset of IM glucagon?

A

10 mins

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6
Q

What is the onset of SQ glucagon?

A

45 mins

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7
Q

What is the onset of NS glucagon?

A

16 mins

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8
Q

What is the BG criteria for hyperglycemia?

A

> 250

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9
Q

Which drugs can cause hyperglycemia?

A

-atypical antipsychotics
-steroids
-beta blockers
-thiazide
-FQs
-niacin
-CCV
-protease inhibitors

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10
Q

Which drugs can cause hyPOglycemia?

A

-insulin
-SU
-ACEi
-MAOi
-SSRIs
-salicylates and APAP

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11
Q

Generally, what is the BP goal for patients with diabetes?

A

<130/80

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12
Q

According to AACE guidelines, what is the initial drug of choice for BP management in patients with T2DM?

A

ACEi or ARB

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13
Q

According to ACC/AHA, what is the initial drug of choice for BP management in patients with T2DM?

A

-CCB, ACEi or ARB

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14
Q

How many anti-HTN agents do you start on a patient with an initial BP of 146/82?

A

1 agent

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15
Q

Which statins are high intensity?

A

-atorvastatin 40-80
-rosuvastatin 20-40

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16
Q

According to the AACE guidelines, what is considered VERY high ASCVD risk?

A
  1. 10 year risk 10-20%
  2. T2D ≥ additional risk factors
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17
Q

According to AACE guidelines, what is the treatment for T2D patients with VERY high ASCVD risk?

A

high intensity statin

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18
Q

According to AACE guidelines, what is considered high ASCVD risk?

A
  1. 10 year risk <10%
  2. T2DM with < 2 additional risk factors
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19
Q

According to AACE guidelines, what is the treatment for T2DM patients with high ASCVD risk?

A

moderate intensity statin

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20
Q

In what patients is aspirin therapy ALWAYS recommended?

A

For patients who’ve already had a cerebrovascular event (secondary prevention)

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21
Q

According to AACE, when is aspirin therapy recommended for primary prevention of cerebrovascular event?

A

when ASCVD > 10%

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22
Q

What is the recommended aspirin dose for therapy in T2DM?

A

75-162 mg QD

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23
Q

True or false: routine screening for CAD is recommended in all patients with T2DM.

A

False: routine screening for CAD is NOT recommended for asymptomatic patients

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24
Q

True or false: routine screening for HF is recommended in all patients with T2DM.

A

True

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25
What patients should you screen for PAD?
with diabetes and age ≥ 65
26
What is the recommended daily dietary protein intake for T2DM patients with CKD?
0.8 g/kg
27
True or false: For diabetes patients with normal BP and normal albumin-to-creatinine ratio, an ACEi or ARB is recommended.
FALSE
28
When is an ACEi or ARB recommended for patient with CKD?
1. albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 300 and/or 2. eGFR <60
29
What are the ADR of glucagon?
N/V
30
What are the ADR of fineronone?
-hyperkalemia -hypotension -hyponatremia
31
What are the drug treatment of choice for patients with T2DM and CKD ONLY?
-SGLT2i (for eGFR ≥ 20) -metformin (for eGFR ≥ 30)
32
What are the drug treatment of choice for ALL patients with CKD (T1DM and T2DM)?
-statin -RASi at maximum tolerated dose (if albuminuria and/or HTN
33
What is the treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
1. optimize glycemic control, BP, and lipid 2. no medication tx available 3. laser treatment or injections of anti-VEGF possible
34
What agents are recommended in the initial treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetes?
-pregabalin -duloxetine (SNRI) -gabapentin
35
What do we use for uncomplicated UTIs?
-nitrofurantoin -Bactrim -fosfomycin
36
What do we use for complicated UTIs?
-ceftriaxone -levo or ciprofloxacin -ertapenem
37
What is typical treatment for CAP?
-beta lactam + azith/doxy OR -respiratory FQ (levo/moxi)
38
What age is the COVID vaccine indicated for in patients with diabetes?
ages ≥ 6 months
39
What age is Hep B vaccine indicated for in patients with diabetes?
<60
40
What age is RSV vaccine indicated for in patients with diabetes?
≥ 60
41
What age is pneumococcus vaccine indicated for in patients with diabetes?
>19
42
What age is Zoster vaccine indicated for in patients with diabetes?
≥ 50
43
What is the recommended calcium intake?
1000-1200 mg/day
44
What factors in a diabetes patient would favor a more stringent A1C goal?
-shorter duration of diabetes -few or no comorbidities -low hypoglycemic risk
45
What factors in a diabetes patient would favor a LESS stringent A1C goal?
-long diabetes duration -high hypoglycemic risk -comorbidities -Pharmacotherapy without other benefits
46
What is PPG goal according to ADA?
<180
47
What is the FBG goal according to ADA?
80-130
48
What is the tighter A1C target according to ADA?
<7%
49
What is the looser A1C target according to ADA?
<8%
50
What is the FBG goal according to AACE?
<110
51
What is the PPG goal according to AACE?
<140
52
What is the more stringent goal A1C according to AACE?
≤ 6.5%
53
What is the less stringent goal A1C according to AACE?
>6.5%
54
What guidelines for targets do we use for patients <65 year old without clinical ASCVD?
AACE: A1C: ≤ 6.5% FBG <110 PPG <140
55
Which guidelines for targets do we use for patients ≥ 65 years old with clinical ASCVD?
ADA: A1C: <8% FBG 80-130 PPG <180
56
How frequent should eGFR be monitored in patients with CKD and diabetes?
1-4 times per year depending on the stage of CKD
57
When should patients with T1DM have an eye test?
within 5 years after onset of diabetes
58
When should patient with T2DM have an eye test?
at the time of diagnosis
59
How often should foot evaluations be completed for diabetes patients?
at least annually
60

IPC Endocrine Week 2 (5 decks)

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