Diabetes diet calculations: choices and meal plan Flashcards
(55 cards)
Why consume low GI foods?
It helps to: • decrease risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications • decrease risk of heart disease and stroke • feel full longer • maintain or lose weight
Should u avoid alcohol if you have diabetes?
As a general rule, there is no need to avoid alcohol because you have diabetes.You should not drink alcohol if you: • are pregnant or trying to get pregnant • are breastfeeding • have a personal or family history of drinking problems • are planning to drive or engage in other activities that require attention or skill • are taking certain medications. Ask your pharmacist about your medications.
What are the aspects that help individualize the program to your client?
- What do they know?
- What do they find difficult or challenging?
- What are their goals to manage their diabetes?
Examples of Individualized Goals
Ways of controlling type 2 or pre-diabtes
- Diet
- Excercise
Some T2DM patients can control their symtomps usign only these 2 methods
Ways of controlling type 2 diabtes
- Diet
- Exercise
- Meds (typically start with oral)
Ways of controlling type 1 or 2 diabtes
- Diet
- Exercise
- Meds, Insulin (insulin is obligatory in type 1)
Who is at risk for very high or low blood sugars?
not every diabetic person is at risk of such extreme conditions
- insulin or insulin secratogogue medication
- Illness: increases blood glucose-> increased risk of hyperglycemia
- Alcohol: lowers blood glucose as liver is busy neutralizing alcohol
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1
- Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) in Type 2
What causes a diabetic coma?
- Severe hypoglycemia - severely low blood sugar
- Deabetic ketoacidosis- extremely high blood sugars from a lack of insulin; more typical for T1DM
- Diabetice hyperosmolar syndrome- severy dehydration and high blood sugar; more often in T2DM
What % of diabetics use insulin?
- Within 5 - 10 years or less of diagnosis, many Type 2 diabetics will need insulin to optimize control, especially if their blood glucose was very high at the time of diagnosis
- Approximately 14% use insulin alone (this would include Type 1’s and Type 2’s). Type 1 represents 5 – 10%.
- 13% use insulin and oral medication (Type 2)
- 57% take oral medication only (Type 2)
- 16% control blood sugar with no medications (diet and exercise alone) (Type 2)
Why insulin for Type 2
- Eating right, exercise, + oral meds may not be enough
- Insulin works. It is the closest to our normal body function- > thus, patients should not be scared about using insulin
What might be the benefits of giving type 2 pateitns insulin sooner?
Starting insulin sooner for a Type 2 may give:
- Feel better sooner
- Better mood, better outlook
- Better control of blood glucose sooner
• Avoid complications developing
The Effect of Alcohol on Blood Sugar
The effects are unpredictable
- Can cause blood sugars to go low (effect can last up to 24 hours)
- Symptoms of low blood sugar could be confused with drunkenness, thus might go unnoticed, which is bad and dangerous
When driniking alcohol, Diabetics need to make sure to->
- Consume a meal or snack while drinking alcohol to provide glucose since alcohol lowers glucose
- Wear a medic-alert ID
What are the alcohol intake recommendations in diabetes?
Same as for peoplw w/o diabetes
What are the recommendations for insulin administration when drinking?
If you are carbohydrate counting, do not take insulin for the carbohydrate content of alcoholic drinks
Which alcoholic beverages should be avoided by diabetics? Why?
Which drinks are ok?
Liquers and Cordials, Wine, Coolers, Mixes should be avoided due to high CHO content
Beer, spirits/hard liquor are OK
1 Regular Beer = 140 kcalories, with 10 g of Carbohydrate, 0 g fat, 1 g protein.
• How many kcalories does the carbohydrate + protein provide?
What is the source of other calories?
How many kcalories does the carbohydrate + protein provide? (10 x 4) + (1 x 4) = 44
96kcal are coming from alcohol
How long does it usually take to digest carbs?
Does it take less or more time to digest fat/protein
2h
Takes longer to digest fat/protein
GI category of white bread. whole wheat bread
both are medium GI
Is flour a simple carb? What is its GI?
flour is a starch complex, but it is still digested fairly quickly
• High glycemic inde
Does low sugar= low GI? give an example
White Bread often has no sugar in it, but has a high GI-> thus low sugar doesn’t equal low GI
Are unsweetened juices a “free to go” item?
No, Avoid Juice, even if unsweetened
• Pure unsweetened fruit juice has no added sugar but does contain carbohydrate which is rapidly absorbed
what can Juice or sweetened beverages be used for?
Juice or sweetened beverages can be used to treat a Low blood sugar.
