Diabetes Drugs Flashcards
(29 cards)
1
Q
Insulin
A
- Rapid: Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine
- Short: Regular
- Int: NPH
- Long: Glargine, Detemir
- Bind ITK receptor -> MAP/K
- Tox: hypoglycemia, rare HSN, lipodystrophy, WG
2
Q
Lispro
A
Rapid insulin
3
Q
Aspart
A
Rapid insulin
4
Q
Glulisine
A
Rapid insulin
5
Q
Regular insulin
A
Short acting
6
Q
NPH
A
Intermediate acting insulin
7
Q
Glargine
A
Long-acting insulin
8
Q
Detemir
A
Long-acting insulin
9
Q
Metformin
A
- Biguanide for DM2 -> Increases insulin sensitivity (liver: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, peripherally increases glucose uptake)
- Tox: Renal tox, Lactic Acidosis (no WG)
- C/I in RF, Liver disease, CHF, Alcoholism, Sepsis
10
Q
Sulfonylureas
A
- Shut off (close) K+ channel, triggering insulin release from beta cells
- Need some beta cell function
- 1st gen: Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide (disulfuram-rxn)
- 2nd gen: Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide (hypoglyemia)
11
Q
Tolbutamide
A
1st gen sulfonylurea
12
Q
Chlorpropamide
A
1st gen sulfonylurea
13
Q
Glyburide
A
2nd gen sulfonylurea
14
Q
Glimepiride
A
2nd gen sulfonylurea
15
Q
Glipizide
A
2nd gen sulfonylurea
16
Q
Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
A
- Increase PPAR-gamma activation via trascription regulator -> increase adiponectin release from adipose -> increase insulin sensitivity
- Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
- Tox: Hepatotox, Heart (MI, edema, especially Rosiglitazone), WG
17
Q
Pioglitazone
A
Thiazolidenedione (Glitazone)
18
Q
Rosiglitazone
A
Thiazolidenedione (Glitazone)
19
Q
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
A
- Inhibit disaccharidase at surface of brush border intestinal cells
- Acarbose, Miglitol
- C/I in IBS, cirrhosis, high creatinine
20
Q
Acarbose
A
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
21
Q
Miglitol
A
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
22
Q
Pramlintide
A
- Amylin analog (normally secreted with inuslin to decrease glucagon and delay gastric emptying)
- DM1, DM2; only with insulin
- Tox: hypoglycemia
23
Q
GLP-1 analogs
A
- Increase insulin, decrease glucagon, delay gastric emptying
- Exenatide, Liraglutide
- Tox: pancreatitis
24
Q
Exenatide
A
GLP-1 analog
25
Liraglutide
GLP-1 analog
26
DPP4 inhibitors
* Increase GLP-1, increasing insulin and decreasing glucagon
* Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
* Tox: UTI, URI
27
Linagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor (increase GLP-1)
28
Saxagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor (increase GLP-1)
29
Sitagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor (increase GLP-1)