Diabetes important stuff Flashcards
(52 cards)
If someone says a T2DM pt is symptomatic, what group of symptoms is it referring to?
Hyperglycemia Sx: Polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia
What 2 drugs can both increase and decrease blood glucose?
Beta blockers + Fluroquinolones
Does alcoholic increase or decrease blood glucose (BG)?
Decrease
Name an FDA approved therapy for pre-diabetes
There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapies
The ADA says: An intensive lifestyle intervention could reduce the incidence of type 2 by ____% over 3 years.
58%
What are 2 brand names for liraglutide? Which is specifically for weight loss?
Saxenda vs. Victoza; Sexenda is high dose for weight loss
For pts with DM risk factors, what is the LDL goal?
<100mg/ dL
What 2 drugs treat both neuropathy and depression?
Duloxetine (Cymbalta) & venlafaxine (Effexor)
What med is effective for both tobacco cessation and weight loss?
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
What 2 vaccines are recommended in DM?
Hep B + pneumonia
What is the one drug in the biguanide class?
Metformin (Glucophage)
Metformin (Glucophage):
1) What is the MOA?
2) What is the target dose?
3) What is the A1C% reduction?
1) Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization
2) 1000mg PO BID
3) 1-1.5%
Name 2 Sulfonylureas
1) Glipizide (Glucotrol)
2) Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Name a Thiazolidinedione (TZD)
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Pioglitazone (Actos):
1) What is the MOA?
2) What is the A1C% decrease?
3) Do you gain or lose weight?
1) Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat
2) 1 – 1.5%
3) Gain
The FDA says to avoid _____________________for patients with active bladder cancer; caution use with a history of bladder cancer.
pioglitazone
List the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and their MOA
1) Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
2) Exenatide (Byetta)
3) Liraglutide (Victoza)
4) Semaglutide (Ozempic)
-Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)
Increases insulin secretion in response to elevated blood glucose, decreases glucagon secretion, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production and slowed gastric emptying
Exenatide (Byetta):
1) When should you dose?
2) Name an adverse effect
3) Name a time when you should d/c
1) 60 mins AC
2) Gallbladder disease
3) Discontinue if eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
1) When do you dose?
2) Is there CVD benefit?
1) Once weekly
2) May reduce cardiovascular mortality & slow progression of chronic kidney disease
Liraglutide (Victoza)
1) Is there CVD benefit?
2) Name an adverse effect
1) May reduce cardiovascular mortality & slow progression of chronic kidney disease
2) gallbladder disease
Semaglutide (Ozempic)
1) How/ when is it dosed?
2) Is there CVD benefit?
3) Name an adverse effect
4) What are the formulations?
1) SQ weekly
2) May reduce cardiovascular mortality & slow progression of chronic kidney disease
3) Retinopathy
4) Injectable and oral (Rybelsus)
Wegovy approved for weight loss in 2021 2.4 mg SUBQ Q week
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RAs): Which 3 may reduce cardiovascular mortality & slow progression of chronic kidney disease?
1) Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
2) Liraglutide (Victoza)
3) Semaglutide (Ozempic)
GLP-1 RAs: What is an important think to note when it comes to titrating when starting?
The lower initial dose (0.25 mg weekly) of Ozempic is intended to reduce GI symptoms; it does not provide effective glycemic control.
List the 3 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4)
1) Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
2) Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
3) Sitagliptin (Januvia)
