Diabetes/Insulin Flashcards
(51 cards)
action of amylin
works with insulin to lower glucose and delay emptying
increases sensation of satiety (person feels full and stops eating/consuming more carbs)
surpresses glucagon secretion (stops the body from releasing more sugar)
stimulates insulin release (getting rid of the blood glucose thats already there)
glucagon action
hormone that causes glycogen to break down energy –> hyperglycemia
glucogen
storage form of glucose
long term effects of diabetes
angiopathy PVD peripheral vascular dx retinopathy neuropathy infections
signs and symptoms of diabetes
polyphagia polydipsia 3Ps polyuria fatigue UTI's
hemoglobin a1c should be at
under 6
fasting blood glucose
under 100
prediabetes blood glucose
100-125
diabetes blood glucose
over 125
route insulin therapy is given
IV (IV push for severely hyperglycemic)
subQ
inhaled
What type of insulin can we use for needle-phobic people?
Insulin Human (afreeza)
insulin pump (is just one needle)
how will type I diabetics use afreeza
use with a long-acting insulin
how will type 2 diabetics use afreeza?
use in combination with oral anti diabetic therapy
(Notes: Type II receives oral therapy because their hyperglycemia can be caused by other reasons than their beta cells not working)
which is the only insulin i can give VIA IV?
Humulin R
Which is the insulin that cannot be mixed with any other insulin?
Glargine (Lantus)
dawn phenomenom
Early morning spike in blood sugar which can be frustrating to the patient, in spite of them not eating at night
(leaves patient feeling discouraged)
Which two things interfere with early morning spike?
*TEST Q
Dawn phenomenom
Somogyi phenomenom
what type of insulin would we use for supplemental insulin coverage?
Insulin Regular (novolin R)
what do Sulfonylureas do?
SE?
increase secretion of insulin
(can only be effective if theres functioning beta cells)
pt education: monitor for s/s for hypoglycemia
think: since ur increasing insulin production
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor action
delay glucose absorption in GI tract causing smaller increase post prandially (
anti-hyperglycemic drug, why?
type?
metformin- b/c it increases glucose use by muscle and fat cells
type: biguanide
SE of glitzaones (thiazolidinediones)**
risk of CHF and edema
CI for meglitinides
skip dose if u skip meal
which drug can i use that causes the growth of beta cells?
type
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 Inhibitors)
