Diabetes Medication

Question 1

action of secretagogues

Answer 1

increases insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 2

2 types of secretagogues

Answer 2

sulfonylureas

meglitinidine analogues

Question 3

3 actions of sulfonylureas

Answer 3

stimulates insulin secretion

prevents glycogenolysis

improves insulin sensitivity

Question 4

action of meglitinide analogues

Answer 4

stimulates insulin secretion

Question 5

type of starch blocker

Answer 5

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 6

2 actions of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 6

slows carbohydrate absorption

slows digestion of starch

Question 7

2 types of meds that improve insulins effect

Answer 7

biguanides

thiazolidinediones

Question 8

3 actions of biguanides

Answer 8

reduces glycogenolysis in the liver

reduces GI glucose absorption

improves insulin sensitivity

Question 9

3 actions of thiazolidinediones

Answer 9

improves insulin sensitivity

reduces hepatic glycogenolysis

decreases appetite

Question 10

type of incretin mimetic

Answer 10

GLP-1 agonist

Question 11

3 actions of GLP-1 agonists

Answer 11

promotes insulin secretion

decreases glucagon

decreases gastric emptying

Question 12

type of insulin support medication

Answer 12

amylin analogues

Question 13

3 actions of amylin analogues

Answer 13

inhibit glucagon release

decrease gastric emptying

decrease hunger and food intake

Question 14

type of medication that improves the action of incretins

Answer 14

DPP-4 Inhibitors

Question 15

3 actions of DPP4 inhibitors

Answer 15

promote insulin secretion

promote glucagon suppression

prolongs incretin actions

Question 16

type of renal glucose resorption blockers

Answer 16

SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 17

2 actions of SGLT2 inhibitors

Answer 17

block resorption of glucose in the kidneys

increases renal excretion of glucose

Question 18

3 types of rapid acting insulin

Answer 18

Humalog

Novalog

Apidra

Question 19

Rapid acting insulin

onset, peak, duration

Answer 19

5-15 minutes

1-1.5 hours

3-5 hours

Question 20

type of short acting insulin

Answer 20

regular

Question 21

short acting insulin (regular)

onset, peak, duration

Answer 21

0.5-1 hour

2-4 hour

5-8 hour

Question 22

type of intermediate acting insulin

Answer 22

NPH

Question 23

intermediate acting insulin (NPH)

onset, peak, duration

Answer 23

2-4 hours

4-10 hours

10-16 hours

Question 24

3 types of long acting insulin

Answer 24

Lantus

Levemir

Toujeo

Question 25

onset and duration of Lantus

Answer 25

2-4 hours 20-24 hours

Question 26

onset and duration of Toujeo

Answer 26

6 hours 24-36 hours

Question 27

onset and duration of Levemir

Answer 27

2-4 hours 6-23 hours

Question 28

can reduce A1C by 1-2% can become less effective as beta cell destruction progresses

Answer 28

sulfonylureas

Question 29

must be given before meals prescribed when sulfonylureas are not effective or when hypoglycemia occurs with them

Answer 29

meglitinidine analogues

Question 30

do not have a potent glucose effect lower post-prandial sugar levels (affect absorption)

Answer 30

alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Question 31

first line of treatment for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

Answer 31

biguanides | (ex: metformin)

Question 32

medication type that causes less of a chance of hypoglycemia used more in geriatric populations

Answer 32

DPP4 inhibitors

Question 33

long acting insulin meets body's metabolic needs

Answer 33

basal insulin

Question 34

prevents post prandial hyperglycemia

Answer 34

pre-prandial insulin

Question 35

2 types of pre-prandial insulin

Answer 35

regular (short) NPH (intermediate)

Question 36

prevents post-prandial hyperglycemia shoot and eat

Answer 36

prandial

Question 37

3 types of prandial insulin

Answer 37

humalog novalog apidra

Question 38

order of absorption speeds for injections

Answer 38

abdomen arm thigh buttocks

Question 39

order of mixing insulins

Answer 39

shorter acting first, then longer | (first clear, then cloudy)

Question 40

lipodystrophy

Answer 40

degenerative changes to adipose tissue

Question 41

lipoatrophy

Answer 41

small depression develops under skin

Question 42

lipohypertrophy

Answer 42

raised area in skin seen when injection is given in the same site over a long period of time

Question 43

somogyi effect

Answer 43

low blood glucose in the evening causes a rebound effect in the body causes hyperglycemia in the early morning seen with long acting insulin

Question 44

dawn phenomenon

Answer 44

normal nighttime BGL hyperglycemia in the AM

Question 45

how to prevent dawn phenomenon

Answer 45

excercise later in the day limit carbs before bed adjust insulin

Question 46

how to prevent somogyi effect

Answer 46

high carb snack before bed check BGL in middle of night adjust insulin dose

Question 47

amount of insulin needed for 24 hour period

Answer 47

0.5-0.7 units per kg

Question 48

amount of insulin needed in 24 hour period if patient is 150% of normal body weight

Answer 48

1.5-2 units/kg

Question 49

5 goals of nutrition therapy

Answer 49

portion sizes nutrient dense foods low glycemic index reduce calories, sodium, fatty red meats limit alcohol

Question 50

recommendation of protein per day

Answer 50

15-20% of calories

Question 51

how much protein per day should someone with nephropathy eat

Answer 51

0.8mg/kg

Question 52

recommendation of fats per day

Answer 52

20-30% type is more important than the amount (Omega 3)

Question 53

recommendation of sodium per day

Answer 53

2,300mg (salt substitute not recommended)

Question 54

recommendation of fiber per day

Answer 54

20-35g

Question 55

Can help rapid alleviate the increase of post-prandial BGL

Answer 55

fiber

Question 56

\_\_\_\_\_ can occur after exercise

Answer 56

hypoglycemia