Diabetes Medications

Question 1

Biguanides Main Action

Answer 1

decrease hepatic glucose output

Question 2

Metformin Dose

Answer 2

500-2550 mg (usually BID with meal)

Question 3

Riomet

Answer 3

liquid metformin

Question 4

Riomet Dose

Answer 4

500-2550 mg (500 mg/5 mL)

Question 5

Glucophage XR

Answer 5

Extended release
500-2000 mg (1x daily with dinner)

Question 6

Glumetza

Answer 6

Extended release
500-2000 mg (1x daily with dinner)

Question 7

Fortamet

Answer 7

Extended release
500-2500 mg (1x daily with dinner)

Question 8

Biguanides Side Effects

Answer 8

nausea, bloating, diarrhea, B12 deficiency

Question 9

Management of Biguanides Side Effects

Answer 9

take with meals, use XR

Question 10

Biguanides Considerations

Answer 10

DO NOT USE if GFR < 30
if GFR < 45 don’t start metformin
If patient on metformin and GFR falls between 30-45 evaluate benefit versus risk; consider decreasing dose

Question 11

Biguanides Benefits

Answer 11

lowers cholesterol; low risk of hypoglycemia, no weight gain; inexpensive; approved pediatrics 10 + years

Question 12

Biguanides Lowers A1c by __% - ___%

Answer 12

1.0-2.0%

Question 13

Sulfonylureas Main Action

Answer 13

Stimulates sustained insulin release

Question 14

Glyburide

Answer 14

Diabeta, Glynase PresTabs

Question 15

Glyburide Doses

Answer 15

Diabeta (1.25-20 mg)
Glynase PresTabs (0.75-12 mg)G

Question 16

Glipizide

Answer 16

Glucotrol
Glucotrol XL

Question 17

Glipizide Doses

Answer 17

Glucotrol (2.5-40 mg)
Glucotrol XL (2.5-20 mg)

Question 18

Glimepiride

Answer 18

Amaryl (1.0-8 mg)

Question 19

Sulfonylureas Caution

Answer 19

most likely to cause hypoglycemia

Question 20

Sulfonylureas Side Effects

Answer 20

hypoglycemia, weight gain (eliminated via kidney)

Question 21

Sulfonylureas Lowers A1c __% - ___%

Answer 21

1-2%

Question 22

Sulfonylureas Dose Timing

Answer 22

once or twice daily before meals

Question 23

SGLT2 Inhibitors Main Action

Answer 23

decreased glucose reabsorption in kidneys

Question 24

Canagliflozin

Answer 24

Invokana

Question 25

Dapagliflozin

Answer 25

Farxiga

Question 26

Empagliflozin

Answer 26

Jardiance * approved for peds 10+ years

Question 27

Ertugliflozin

Answer 27

Steglatro

Question 28

Bexagliflozin

Answer 28

Brenzavvy

Question 29

Canagliflozin (Invokana) Dose

Answer 29

100-300 mg 1x daily

Question 30

Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) Dose

Answer 30

5-10 mg 1x daily

Question 31

Empagliflozin (Jardiance) Dose

Answer 31

10-25 mg 1x daily

Question 32

Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) Dose

Answer 32

5-15 mg 1x daily

Question 33

Bexagliflozin (Brenzavvy)

Answer 33

20 mg 1x daily

Question 34

SGLT2 Inhibitors Side Effects

Answer 34

hypotension, UTIs, genital infections, increased urination, weight loss, ketoacidosis

Question 35

SGLT2 Benefits

Answer 35

reduce BG, CV death, and HF. Slows CKD.

Question 36

SGLT2 Protection for ___

Answer 36

Heart Failure, CV and Kidney 1st line of treatment for HF, CKD, and CV before or with metformin