Diabetes Medications

Question 1

Name the sulfonylureas

Answer 1

1) Glipizide
2) glyburide
3) glimepride
4) tolazamide
5) tolbutamide

Question 2

Name the biguaindes

Answer 2

Metformin

Question 3

Name the meglitinides

Answer 3

1) repaglinide

2) nateglinide

Question 4

Name the thiazolidinediones

Answer 4

1) rosiglitazone

2) pioglitazone

Question 5

Name the a-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 5

1) miglitol

2) acarbose

Question 6

Name the amylin replacement

Answer 6

1) pramlintide

Question 7

Name the GLP-1 agents

Answer 7

1) exenatide

Question 8

Name the DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 8

1) sitagliptin

2) vildagliptin

Question 9

What is the biggest adverse effect of the sulfonylureas?

Answer 9

hypoglycemia

weight gain

Question 10

Which DM 2 medications are often first line?

Answer 10

sulfonylreas

metformin

Question 11

What are the major side effects of metformin?

Answer 11

GI upset
lactic acidosis
CHF
respiratory disease
liver disease

Question 12

Which DM 2 drugs cause weight loss?

Answer 12

metformin

GLP-1 agents (exenatide)

Question 13

Major side effects of meglitinides?

Answer 13

hypoglycemia

Question 14

Major side effects of thiazolidinedions?

Answer 14

fluid retention
liver disease
increase risk of CV death (rosiglitazone)

Question 15

Which DM 2 is the last choice of oral agent?

Answer 15

thiazolidinediones

Question 16

Major side effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors?

Answer 16

gas
bloating
diarrhea

Question 17

Major side effects of amylin replacement?

Answer 17

nausea

Question 18

major side effects of GLP-1 agents

Answer 18

nausea
vomiting
diarrhea

Question 19

major side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors?

Answer 19

GI upset

Question 20

Which DM 2 medications are SQ?

Answer 20

amylin replacement

GLP-1 agents

Question 21

What insulins are ultra-short-acting?

Answer 21

1) lispro
2) insulin
3) aspart
4) gluisine

Question 22

What is the onset, peak and duration of ultra-short-acting insulin?

Answer 22

onset: 5-15 min
peak: 1-1.5 hours
duration: 3-4

Question 23

What is the short-acting insulin?

Answer 23

regular

Question 24

What is the onset, peak and duration of short-acting insulin?

Answer 24

onset: 15-30 min
peak: 1-3 hours
duration: 5-7 hours

Question 25

What are the intermediate-acting insulins?

Answer 25

1) lente | 2) NPH

Question 26

What is the onset, peak and duration of intermediate-acting insulin?

Answer 26

onset: 2-4 hours peak: 8-10 hours duration: 18-24 hours

Question 27

What are the long-acting insulins?

Answer 27

1) ultralente 2) glargine 3) detemir

Question 28

What is the onset, peak and duration of long-acting insulins?

Answer 28

onset: 4-5 hours peak: 8-14 hours duration: 25-36 hours

Question 29

What is the MOA of sulfonylurea's?

Answer 29

1) bind to ATP dependent K+ channels on pancreatic beta cell membrans 2) inhibits hyperpolarizing efflux of K+ 3) causes membrane potential to be more + 4) this depolarization opens voltage gated Ca2+ channels 5) intracellular Ca2+ leads to increased fusion of insulin to the cell membrane 6) increased secretion of insulin

Question 30

What is the MOA of metformin?

Answer 30

decreases hyperglycemia by suppressing glucose production by the liver

Question 31

What is the MOA of meglitinide?

Answer 31

they bind to ATP-dependent K+ channels of pancreatic beta cells much like sulfonylureas but have a weaker binding affinity and faster dissociation

Question 32

What is the MOA of thiazolidinedions?

Answer 32

activate PPARs (a group of nuclear receptors) with greatest specificity for PPAR gamma. When activated they bind to DNA and increase transcription of certain genes

Question 33

What genes are up-regulated with thiazolidinedions?

Answer 33

1) insulin resistance decreased 2) adipocyte differentiation is modified 3) VEGF-induced angiogenesis is inhibited 4) leptin levels decrease

Question 34

What is the MOA of a-glucosidase inhibitor?

Answer 34

they are saccharides that act as competitive inhibitors of enzymes needed to digest carbohydrates

Question 35

What is the MOA of amylin?

Answer 35

plays a role in glycemic regulation by slowing gastric emptying and promoting satiety so therefore prevents post-prandial spikes in blood glucose levels

Question 36

What is the MOA of GLP-1 agents?

Answer 36

1) causes pancreases to secrete more insulin 2) suppresses pancreatic release of glucagon 3) slows down gastric emptying 4) reduces appetite 5) reduces liver fat content