Diabetes Medications

Question 1

Types of Insulin drugs?

Answer 1

• Slow acting: Lispro, Apart, Glulisine
• Intermediate: NPH, Detemir
• Long acting: Glargine

Question 2

Insulin drugs mechanism of actions?

Answer 2

• Replace insufficient insulin

* Usually one long lasting taken to maintain basal blood glucose and one short acting to manage post prandial rush

Question 3

Insulin Drugs side effects and contraindications?

Answer 3

• Lipodystrophy
• Hypoglycemia
• Allergic reaction

Question 4

Oral Hypoglycemics types?

Answer 4

1. Sulphonylurea
2. Meglitinides
3. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors
4. Biguanides
5. Thiazolidiones
6. Insulin Release Sparers

Question 5

Sulphonylurea drugs?

Answer 5

• Insulin Secretagogue

* Glibenclamide

Question 6

Sulphonylurea mechanism of action?

Answer 6

• Act on Na+/K+ ATPase leading to depolarization of the cell membrane causing influx of Ca2+ and triggering insulin release by exocytosis

Question 7

Sulphonylurea side effects and contraindications?

Answer 7

• Allergic reaction
• Hypoglycaemia (esp. glibenclamide which has longest duration of action)
• GIT disturbances

Question 8

Meglitinides drugs?

Answer 8

Repalinide

Question 9

Meglitinides mechanism of action?

Answer 9

Same as sulphonylurea but act on different receptor

Question 10

Meglitinides side effects and contraindications?

Answer 10

Less risk of hypoglycaemia (one dose one meal)

Question 11

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors drugs?

Answer 11

Sitagliptin

Question 12

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors mechanism of action?

Answer 12

Increase degradation of incretins such as GIP & GLP leading to increased insulin secretion but decreased glucagon secretion

Question 13

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors side effects and contraindications?

Answer 13

• URTI

* Headache

Question 14

Biguanides drugs?

Answer 14

Metformin

Question 15

Biguanides mechanism of action?

Answer 15

Increases expression of insulin receptors and increases receptor density on the cell

Question 16

Biguanides side effects and contraindications?

Answer 16

• GIT Disturbances
• Lactic acidosis
• Metallic taste

Question 17

Thiazolidiones drugs?

Answer 17

Rosaglitazone

Question 18

Thiazolidiones mechanism of action?

Answer 18

Reduces insulin resistance by increasing expression

of insulin responsive genes

Question 19

Thiazolidiones side effects and contraindications?

Answer 19

• Hepatotoxicity

* Fluid retention causing fall in haematocrit

Question 20

Insulin Release Sparers drugs?

Answer 20

• Acarbose

* Take with meal

Question 21

Insulin Release Sparers mechanism of action?

Answer 21

Inhibits breakdown of polysaccharide to slow glucose release and post prandial glucose spike

Question 22

Insulin Release Sparers side effects and contraindications?

Answer 22

• Digestion by intestinal bacteria leading to flatus and bloating
• Increased GIT disturbance esp with metformin