diabetes meds Flashcards by Colleen Farrell

Q

give type/mechanism: lispro

A

insulin, rapid acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: aspart

A

insulin, rapid acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: glulisine

A

insulin, rapid acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: “regular” insulin

A

insulin, short acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: NPH

A

insulin, intermediate acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: glargine

A

insulin, long acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: detemir

A

insulin, long acting

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Q

give type/mechanism: metformin

A

biguanide, reduces hepatic glucose output

decreases gluconeogenesis
increases glycolysis
increases peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)

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Q

give type/mechanism: tolbutamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx

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Q

give type/mechanism: chlorpropamide

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx

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Q

give type/mechanism: glyburide

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx

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Q

give type/mechanism: glimepiride

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx

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Q

give type/mechanism: glipizide

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

close K+ channel in beta cell so cell depolarizes triggering insulin release via Ca2+ influx

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Q

give type/mechanism: pioglitazone

A

glitazone/thiazolidinediones

binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator –> increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

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Q

give type/mechanism: rosiglitazone

A

glitazone/thiazolidinediones

binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator –> increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

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Q

give type/mechanism: acarbose

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A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

inhibits intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases. delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption –> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia

Q

give type/mechanism: miglitol

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A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

inhibits intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases. delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption –> decreased postprandial hyperglycemia

Q

give type/mechanism: pramlintide

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A

amylin analog

decreases gastic emptying
decreases glucagon

(amylin is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells and acts centrally to slow gastric emptying, suppress postprandial glucagon secretion, and decrease food intake)

Q

give type/mechanism: exenatide

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A

GLP-1 analog

increase insulin
decrease glucagon release

(GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells in response to food intake and stimulates proinsulin gene transcription and glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, promotes satiety, reduces food intake, inhibits glucagon secretion)

Q

give type/mechanism: liraglutide

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A

GLP-1 analog

increase insulin
decrease glucagon release

(GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L cells in response to food intake and stimulates proinsulin gene transcription and glucose dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, promotes satiety, reduces food intake, inhibits glucagon secretion)

Q

give type/mechanism: linagliptin

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A

DPP-4 inhibitor

increase insulin
decrease glucagon release

DPP-4 enzyme inactives GLP-1

Q

give type/mechanism: saxagliptin

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A

DPP-4 inhibitor

increase insulin
decrease glucagon release

DPP-4 enzyme inactives GLP-1

Q

give type/mechanism: sitagliptin

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A

DPP-4 inhibitor

increase insulin
decrease glucagon release

DPP-4 enzyme inactives GLP-1

Q

contraindication of Metformin

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A

can cause lactic acidosis, so contraindicated for anyone predisposed to that: heart failure, liver disease, severe hypoxia, renal insufficiency

contraindication of sulfonylureas

hepatic dysfunction

what diabetes medication is best for people with renal dysfunction?

Glipizide (undergoes hepatic clearance)

side effect of Thiazolidinediones

fluid retention, peripheral edema (contraindication: heart failure)