Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What is the hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state?

Answer 1

Acute, severe and life threatening condition, like DKA
Definition = severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality and dehydration in the absence if significant ketosis. (Can have mild ketosis and academia present)

Question 2

Why is hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state not DKA?

Answer 2

Usually a small amount of insulin to inhibit lipolysus, but not enough to prevent hyperglycemia

Question 3

ESVE diagnostic criteria for DKA?

Answer 3

1. Diagnosis of DM according to ALIVE criteria
2. Ketonaemia
3. Metabolic acidosis = ph <7.35, decreased bicarb

Question 4

Diagnostic criteria for hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state?

Answer 4

1. Severe hyperglycemia- >34
2. Serum osmolality >325-330mOsm/kg in dogs, >330-350mOsm/kg in cats
3. Absence of sig ketoacidosis
4. Dehydration