Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
(5 cards)
A 40 year old civil servant has been diagnosed with diabetes melitus , counsel him on the condition
Grip + LCCC
Ask
Quick BIODATA
What do you know about DM
TELL
I see you know a bit about this but let me explain better
DM is a condition characterized by high blood sugar. It’s not curable, but it’s very well manageable
It affects about 10% of the world population
They are certain things that put us at risk of having diabetes such as age, gender, race ( African) , obesity, alcohol, and smoking, hypertension, lifestyle, family history.
There are 2 types of diabetes
Type 1 is called insulin deficiency, insulin is a hormone that helps us regulate our blood sugar,
However, in type 1 , there are not enough of it leads to diabetes seen in 10% of DM patients
Type 2 on the other hand is called insulin resistance which is when the body is not able to use insulin being produced.
They are some symptoms you will notice like excessive thirst, excessive hunger, excessive urination, unplanned weight loss
I know all this can be bit scary for you but diabetes when managed properly with strick adhesion to management can still allow you to leave a quality life.
However, when not treated, it can cause complications like blindness, kidney damage, stroke, diabetic foot ulcer, erectil dysfunction, recurrent skin infections abnormal sensation etc.
Help
For proper control of sugar level, lifestyle management and proper medication are used .
The lifestyle management includes
Stopping smoking and alcohol, diet, stopping refined sugar, no fast food, no saturated fat, like palm oil and more unsaturated fat like cod liver oil, olive oil etc.
Good foot care: dry well especially in between the toes, don’t walk around bare footed , keep foot moisturized, exam foot for pebbles, and cracks
Weight loss if obese.
Daily exercise of at least 30 mins
Regular blood sugar check
Medication : Insulin therapy is given for type 1 , sites of injections include buttocks, abdomen and thigh.
Rotation of injection site is very important for even distribution
Oral medication include metformin (biguanide) , sulphonyures etc
Empathy
Retell
Do you understand all I have said so far
Do you have any questions
In your own words can you repeat what I have said
Thank you for your time
Thank your examiner
