Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
(18 cards)
Which country is known as the diabetes capital of the world?
India
What is the leading cause of death associated with diabetes?
Enhanced cardiovascular mortality
Which drugs are prescribed along with metformin to reduce cardiovascular mortality?
GLP-1 RA like semaglutide and SGLT-2i like empagliflozin
What is the most common subtype of diabetes mellitus?
Type 2 DM
What causes Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Insulin resistance due to family history, polygenetic, and multifactorial reasons
According to ADA 2023 guidelines, when should screening for diabetes start in the Asian or Indian population?
At 35 years
What should be prescribed in diabetic patients with increased ASCVD risk according to ADA 2023 guidelines?
GLP-1 RAs or GLT
What does HOMA-R stand for?
Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance
How is HOMA-R calculated?
[Fasting glucose (nmol/L) X Fasting insulin (mlU/L)]/22.5
What are the normal and abnormal ranges for HOMA-R?
Normal: <1, Developing IR: 1-2, IR: >2
What does QUICKI stand for?
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index
What is the pediatric onset type of diabetes?
Type 1 DM
What causes Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Autoimmune destruction of >80% beta cells due to HLA association leading to insulinopenia
What auto-antibody is present in Type 1 diabetes?
Anti-ICA (anti-Islet Cell Antibody)
What condition can Type 1 diabetes trigger?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
What is the cause of MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young)?
Autosomal dominant pattern expressed in every generation
What is gestational diabetes mellitus?
A type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
