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Nutrition Sum 2023 > diabetes stuff > Flashcards

diabetes stuff Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

what is considered fasting

A

no caloric intake for 8+ hours

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2
Q

desrtuction of B cells leading to little or no insulin production

A

T!DM

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3
Q

insulin resistance with potential eventual loss of B cell function

A

T2DM

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4
Q

chronic insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency in the brain in alzheimers patients

A

T3DM

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5
Q

Diagnosis of a patient w fasting glucose of 132

A

diabetes

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6
Q

diagnosis of a patients with a fasting glucose of 119

A

pre diabetes

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7
Q

diagnosis of a patient with a fasting glucose of 89

A

normal

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8
Q

onset of DM during pregnancy that resolves after birth

A

gestational DM

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9
Q

what are the cardiovascular complications of DM

A

microvascular damage
enhanced atherosclerosis
higher risk of amputations
CAD
MI
CVA

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10
Q

what are the eye complications of DM

A

diabetic retinopathy
blurry vision
cataracts

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11
Q

what are the neuro complications of neuro

A

increased dementia risk
peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy
autonomic neuropathy

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12
Q

what are the renal compliactions of diabetes

A

diabetic nephropathy

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13
Q

what are the reproductive complications of DM

A

sexual dysfunction

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14
Q

what are the immune complications of DM

A

impaired immune function

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15
Q

what are the skin complications of DM

A

poor peripheral circulation
poor wound healing

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16
Q

what are the ways glycemic control is achieved in type 1 diabetes v type 2 diabetes

A

T1 has to have insulin but can benefit from lifestyle modifications

T2 can technically be treated with ONLY lifestyle modifications.

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17
Q

what type of healthy eating patterns could DM patients prioritize to manage their diagnosis

A

high fiber
moderate to low carb consumption
plant based foods
mediterranean

AVOID TOBACCO

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18
Q

what procedure can DM patients do (specifically T2) to aid in glycemic control

A

bariatric surgery

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19
Q

Impaired fasting BG of 100-125 is considered

A

pre-diabetes

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20
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance of 140-199 is considered

A

pre-diabetes

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21
Q

Elevated HbA1c 5.7-6.4% is considered

A

pre-diabetes

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22
Q

how many carbs, proteins and fats should DM patients try to eat daily.

A

carbs - 30g max HIGH FIBER
fats - doesnt say but try for mono and polyusaturated fats
protein - .8g/kg/day

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23
Q

what kinds of carbohydrates do DM pateints want to consume

A

high fiber, whole grains, fruits and veggies

aka minimally processed and plant based!!

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24
Q

what types of fats should DM patients consume

A

MUFA and PUFA
decreased saturated fats and trans fats

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25
what types of proteins should DM patients try to consume
higher intake helps w satiety plant protein recommended
26
excess protein can be harmful in which patients
CKD
27
what has research shown about carbs
they are no less healthy than fats or proteins
28
what are the pros of keto for DM
* encouraged by noticably ealy results * faster early weight loss * early improvements in glucose
29
What are the cons of keto for DM
keto flu long term compliance is not good studies show after one year no major differences in glycemic control (probs be cuase of lack of adherence to diet)
30
how many carbs is 1 unit of rapid acting insulin
12-15 grams
31
DMpatients who are counting carbs or are reliant on insulin will especially benefit from what nutrition resource
deit exchange lists
32
what is the term used to describe foods that cause a rapid rise in BG followed by a rapid drop in BG.
high glycemic index
33
quality of carb related to normal serving size
glycemic load
34
quality of a carb (not taking into account normal serving portion)
Glycemic index
35
what is low, medium and high GI levels
low <55 medium 56-69 high >70
36
what is low, medium and high GL levels
low <10 medium 11-19 high >20
37
consuming 5+ servings of this food weekly reduces risk of developing DM by 15-27%
nuts also good for people who already have DM for cardiovascular benefits DOES NOT LOWER OR IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL in patients w DM
38
in what situation would a patient with DM who is taking insulin be at very high risk for hypoglycemia
when consuming alcohol WITHOUT food
39
contributes to elevated TG and overall worse glucose control
excessive alcohol intake
40
what beverage can have a protective effect against DM if it is drank regularly
coffee!!!!! LETS GOOOOOOOOO ..... also present in people who drink decaf and tea though.. yuck. reminder: this is in people who DONT have diabetes
41
what beverage has been shown to raise plasma glucose and insulin levels.... therefore decreasing insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients
caffiene. long term abstinence from caffiene may lower HbA1c
42
Insulin cofactor that MAYBE helps stimulate insulin receptors so we clear out our BG.
chromium
43
Insulin cofactor with narrow TI
vanadium causes massive GI upste, not super reccomended
44
we use this to treat elevated TG's
fish oil
45
thought to be healthy due to its bioflavinoud antioxidants but no research to back it up
dark chocolate
46
purified refined sucrose
white sugar (disaccharide made of glucose + fructose )
47
disaccharide made of glucose + fructose
white sugar (purified refined sucrose)
48
sugar that is less refined and still contains molasses from sugar cane
brown sugar
49
contains molasses
brown sugar
50
this type of sugar has more calories by volume but less calories by weight
brown sugar
51
this type of sugar has more calories by weight but less calories by volume
white sugar
52
this sugar has higher amount of iron, calcium and potassium
brown sugar
53
"Fruit Sugar"
fructose
54
what type of sugar is fructose
monosaccharide
55
The liver absorbs this sugar and turns it into Triglycerides
fructose
56
this is produced from the refinement of corn
high fructose corn syrup
57
these sugars provide less calories per gram and cause a minimal change (or no change) to BG levels
Polyols (sugar alcohols)
58
high ingestion of this type of sugar is linked to higher risk of CV events
sugar alcohol (Polyols)
59
what specific sugar is linked to higher risk of thrombosis
erythrito
60
what specific sugars are coordinated with the warnings of laxative effects
sorbitol and mannitol
61
higher intensity sweetener than sucrose
non-nutritive sweeteners
62
Displacement of calories/sugar may cause a person to still love sugary foods and encourage their preference for sweet foods. May kill gut flora Patients might make up the calories anyways.
non nutritive sweeteners
63

Nutrition Sum 2023 (10 decks)

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