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Flashcards in Diabetic drugs Deck (6)
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1
Q

Council on Metformin:

A

Lowers blood sugar level by increasing the bodies sensitivity to insulin. It reduces weight gain and lowers the risk of diabetic complications such as heart attack.

A tablet you take once or twice a day with a full glass of water

S/E: Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhoea, reduced appetite

Risk: - Lactic acidosis - vomiting, stomach ache, muscle cramps, shortness of breath, severe tiredness
- Always tell doctors before having an x-ray or operation as it may need to be stopped

Monitored using HbA1c - target 48mmol
If above 58mmol then add sulphonylureas e.g. Gliclazide

2
Q

Council on Sulphonylureas:

e.g.. Gliclazide, Glimepiride

A

Lowers blood sugar level by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin.

A tablet to be taken once or twice daily with food

S/E: weight gain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

Risk: Hypoglyceamia - look out for dizziness, nausea, sweating and confusion.
Take something sugary, then something starchy and seek medical help if symptoms return.

Monitored using HbA1c - target 53mmol as risk of hypo

3
Q

Council on Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors:
e.g..Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin

A

Lowers blood sugar levels by stopping the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose as they make urine. Glucose is then secreted in the urine. This also helps with weight loss

S/E: Urinate more, More likely to get a UTI

Risk: Hypogylceamia - - look out for dizziness, nausea, sweating and confusion.
Take something sugary, then something starchy and seek medical help if symptoms return.

Monitored using HbA1c - target 53mmol as risk of hypo

4
Q

Council on DPP-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins):

e.g.. Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin

A

Lowers the blood sugar by preventing the break down of gut hormones called Incretins. Incretins help stimulate the production of insulin and stop the release of more sugar into the blood by the liver. They also slow down digestion and decrease appetite.

S/E: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
flu-like symptoms – headache, runny nose, sore throat
skin reactions – if severe and SOB - call for help

Risk: Pancreatitis - severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting - call for medical help.

Monitored using HbA1c - target 53mmol as risk of hypo

5
Q

Council on Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones):

e.g. Pioglitazone

A

Lowers blood sugar levels by reduceing the body’s resistance to insulin. Glitazones also help lower blood pressure and improve lipid levels.

S/E: Leg swelling, blurry vision and weight gain

Risk: Heart failure, increase risk of bone fractures
Hypogylceamia - - look out for dizziness, nausea, sweating and confusion.

Monitored using HbA1c - target 53mmol as risk of hypo

6
Q

Council on GLP-1 Agonists:

e.g. Exenatide, Liraglutide

A

Lowers blood sugar levels by mimicking the natural incretin hormones in your body. It stimulates the release of insulin, stops the release of sugar into the blood by the liver and reduces the speed at which the stomach empties after eating, making you feel more satisfied after a meal.

S/E: nausea, vomiting diarrhoea, headaches, dizziness

Risk: Hypogylceamia - - look out for dizziness, nausea, sweating and confusion.

Monitored using HbA1c - target 53mmol as risk of hypo