Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

Hyperglycemia leads to increased retinal blood flow and abnormal metabolism in retinal vessel walls
-vascular permeability
-microaneurysms
-neovascularisation

Question 2

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
-fundoscopy findings
-management

Answer 2

Microaneurysms
Blot hemorrhages
Hard exudates
Cotton wool spots - retinal infarction
Venous beading/looping

Regular observation
If severe - panretinal laser coagulation

Question 3

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
-fundoscopy findings
-management

Answer 3

Neovascularisation => vitreous hemorrhage

Panretinal laser photocoagulation
-can result in noticeable reduction in visual fields, decrease in night vision
VEGFinh (ranibizumab)

Question 4

Maculopathy
-fundoscopy findings
-management

Answer 4

Hard exudates

VEGF if change in visual acuity