Diabetic ulcers Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the lifetime risk of developing a foot ulcer in diabetic patients?
10 - 25%
This statistic highlights the significant risk associated with diabetes.
What percentage of diabetic patients with foot ulcers will eventually undergo foot amputation?
15%
This underscores the severity of diabetic foot complications.
What is the major cause of diabetic ulcers today?
Peripheral neuropathy
This condition affects sensation, motor function, and autonomic responses.
What are the three types of neuropathy associated with diabetic ulcers?
- Sensory neuropathy - unrecognised trauma
- Motor neuropathy - altered biomechanics and structural deformity
- Autonomic neuropathy - loss of sweting, dryg skin, prone to cracking, AV shunting decr perfusion
Each type contributes differently to the risk of ulceration.
Where do diabetic ulcers typically occur?
On pressure points and bony prominences
Common locations include the metatarsal heads, great toes, and heels.
What clinical features are observed in the absence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in diabetic foot?
- Warmth
- Good color
- Palpable pulses
- Decreased sensation
These features indicate that while blood flow is adequate, nerve damage is present.
What common foot deformities are associated with diabetic ulcers?
- Hammer toes
- Claw toes
- High or flattened arch (Charcot foot)
These deformities can increase the risk of ulcer development.
What diagnostic tests are used for diabetic foot ulcers?
- Neuro exam
- FBC, Chem20, ESR, CRP
- Blood glucose
- Swabs
- Tissue culture mcs
- NCS/electromyogram
- ABI/other vascular studies
- Xray, MRI - OM
These tests help assess nerve function, infection, and vascular health.
What is the gold standard for diagnosing suspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers?
Bone biopsy for culture
This procedure is essential before starting antibiotics.
What are key components of the treatment for diabetic ulcers?
- Provide wound healing environment
- Eradication of infection
- Off-loading mechanical pressure
- Hyperbaric oxygen
- Living skin equivalents
Each component plays a crucial role in promoting healing.
What is the best method to alleviate mechanical pressure on a diabetic ulcer?
Total contact casting
This method is effective but requires regular adjustments and is contraindicated in certain conditions.
What are some prevention strategies for diabetic ulcers?
- Diabetes control
- Smoking cessation
- Hypertension/Cholesterol control
- Annual foot exam
- Daily foot care
Preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of ulcer formation.
