Diagnoses

Question 1

learning and academic difficulty

Answer 1

evidence of one of the following for at least 6 months (after interventions have been used)
incorrect spelling
problems with math reasoning
problems with math calculation and number sense
difficulty reading
problems understanding what is read
difficulty with grammar and syntax

Question 2

down syndrome

Answer 2

happens when an individual has three #21 chromosomes instead of two.

Question 3

childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Answer 3

begins between ages 2 through 7. more common in males than females. can be controlled by removal of psychological stress at home. children who are told not to stutter, stutter more. treatment includes controlled and regular breathing as well as positive encouragement,

Question 4

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 4

two categories of symptoms: 1) qualitative impairment in social interaction and qualitive impairment in communication. 2) restricted, repetitive, stereotyped behaviors (RRBs), interests, and activities

Question 5

autism spectrum disorder signs

Answer 5

infant does respond to caregiver in an age appropriate manner
babies are not interested in cuddling, don’t smile, don’t respond to familiar voice.
three increasing levels of support .

Question 6

autism spectrum disorder treatment.

Answer 6

focus on practical skills they will need to survive independently.
those that reach moderate level can be given direct vocational training.

Question 7

ADHD

Answer 7

individuals display at least 6 symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity . onset must be before 12. must have persisted for at least 6 months. symptoms must not be motivated by anger or the wish to displease/spite others.

Question 8

predominately inattentive type (adhd subtype)

Answer 8

diagnosed when individual has 6 or more symptoms of inattention and fewer then 6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Question 9

predominately hyperactive-impulsive type (adhd subtype)

Answer 9

diagnosed when there are 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity and fewer then 6 of inattention.

Question 10

combined type (adhd subtype)

Answer 10

diagnosed where are six or more symptoms of both hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention.

Question 11

adhd treatment

Answer 11

ritalin and dexedrine combined with psychosocial interventions. helpful when parents are involved. classroom management for teachers.

Question 12

conduct disorder

Answer 12

persistently violate either the rights of others or age-appropriate rules. little remorse about their behavior. likely to interpret behavior of other people as hostile or threatening.

Question 13

life-course persistent type (conduct disorder subtype)

Answer 13

begins early in life and progressively gets worse. might be a result of neurological impairments, difficult temperament, adverse circumstances.

Question 14

adolescence limited type (conduct disorder subtype)

Answer 14

a result of temporary disparity between individuals biological maturity and freedom. may commit antisocial acts with friends. common to display antisocial behavior persistently in one area of life but not others.

Question 15

conduct disorder treatment

Answer 15

interventions most successful when done with preadolescents and include immediate family. rewarding good behavior and consistently punishing bad behavior.

Question 16

oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 16

a pattern of negative, hostile, defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. less serious violations of others then conduct disorder. behavior motivated by interpersonal reactivity or resentful power struggle with adults.

Question 17

tourettes syndrome

Answer 17

at least one vocal tic with multiple motor tics that appear together or at different times, before the age of 18. likely to have obsessions and compulsions, high levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and distractibility.

Question 18

tourtettes syndrome treatment

Answer 18

haldol, orap to relieve symptoms, may amplify tics in some clients. clonidine or desipramine if this is the case to treat hyperactivity and inattention.

Question 19

pica disorder

Answer 19

persistent eating of non-food substances , they do not show an aversion to food. must persist with symptoms for at least a month without the child losing interest in regular food. happens between 12 and 24 months.

Question 20

anorexia nervosa

Answer 20

extreme restriction of food, irrational fear of gaining weight, distorted body image.

Question 21

anorexia nervosa treatment

Answer 21

immediate goal is weight gain, cognitive therapy is often used.

Question 22

bulimia nervosa

Answer 22

cyclical periods of binge eating, followed by purging. one binge per week for three months.

Question 23

bulimia nervosa treatment

Answer 23

cognitive behavioral techniques and antidepressants .

Question 24

generalized anxiety disorder treatment

Answer 24

multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy with SSRIS antidepressants and buspirone

Question 25

panic disorder treatment

Answer 25

flooding combined with antidepressant medications.

Question 26

phobias treatment

Answer 26

exposure combined with social skills and cognitive therapy. antidepressants and proparnolol are also helpful.

Question 27

obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 27

exhibits obsessions , compulsions or both. obsessions/compulsions last at least one hour and cause distress. not caused by substance.

Question 28

ocd treatment

Answer 28

exposure with response prevention with clomipramine or SSRI. stopping thought patterns.

Question 29

PTSD treatment

Answer 29

``` cognitive behavioral approach: exposure cognitive restructuring anxiety management SSRIs ```

Question 30

acute stress disorder

Answer 30

someone who persistently relieves the traumatic event to the point where he or she takes steps to avoid contact with things that bring the event to mind. experiences severe anxiety when thinking of event. symptoms occur for more the 3 days but less than a month.

Question 31

conversion disorder

Answer 31

loss of bodily functions or symptoms of a serious physical disease in response to an acute stressor. they are not malingering. can be removed with hypnosis

Question 32

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 32

involves a recurrent multiple somatic complaints but no symptom have been continuous. however some symptoms are present for at least 6 months. no physical explanation for symptoms.

Question 33

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 33

someone who has an unrealistic preoccupation with having or getting a serious illness that is based on a misappraisal of bodily symptoms

Question 34

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 34

child has decreased hesitations regarding interacting with unfamiliar adults. does not question leaving normal caregiver to go off with a stranger.

Question 35

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 35

child rarely seeks or responds to comfort when upset. developmentally-inappropriate or disturbed social relatedness in most settings. usually before the age of 5. to diagnose most include constant change/neglect from caregivers.

Question 36

delirium

Answer 36

clinically significant deficit in cognition or memory as compared to previous functioning. individual must have disturbances in consciousness and either a change in personality or the development of perceptual abnormalities.

Question 37

delirium treatment

Answer 37

aims at curing the underlying cause of the disorder and reducing the agitated behavior. antipsychotic drugs.

Question 38

Alzheimer's disease stage 1

Answer 38

first one to three years. mild anterograde amnesia. diminished visuospatial skills, manifests as wandering aimlessly.

Question 39

Alzheimer's disease stage 2

Answer 39

anywhere between second and tenth years. increasing retrograde amnesia, restlessness, delusions, amnesia, generally flat mood.

Question 40

Alzheimer disease stage 3

Answer 40

between eighth and twelfth years. severely impaired intellectual functioning.

Question 41

Alzheimer disease treatment

Answer 41

group therapy, antidepressants/antipsychotics, behavioral techniques, environmental manipulation, involving family

Question 42

korsakoff syndrome

Answer 42

retrograde and anterograde amnesia due to thiamine deficiency

Question 43

schizophrenia

Answer 43

a psychotic disorder that has one or more of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech/thought, disorganized/catatonic behavior last more then 6 months.

Question 44

schizophrenia treatment

Answer 44

antipsychotic medication combined with psychosocial intervention. family therapy. social skills training.

Question 45

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 45

last for a period of one month but less then 6 months. at least two of the following: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, severely disorganized or catatonic behavior, avolition or diminished expression

Question 46

brief psychotic disorder

Answer 46

delusion that has sudden onset and lasts less then one month.

Question 47

delusional disorder

Answer 47

presence of a persistent delusion . delusion may be persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, grandiose, or mixed

Question 48

manic episode

Answer 48

an episode of significantly elevated, demonstrative, or irritable mood. significant goal directed behaviors. increase in amount of energy then patient normally has.

Question 49

hypomanic episode

Answer 49

severe enough to be a clear departure from normal mood and functioning, not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning or requiring hospitalization.

Question 50

major depressive disorder

Answer 50

happens when someone has one or more major depressive episodes without history of manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes. usually occurs in mid-twenties

Question 51

major depressive disorder treatment

Answer 51

antidepressants (SSRIs, TCAs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and psychotherapy. MOI is last resort.

Question 52

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 52

for at least two years client experiences for most of the day, more days then not, a depressed mood. treatment includes antidepressant drugs and CBT/interpersonal therapy

Question 53

bipolar disorder treatment

Answer 53

pharmacotherapy combined with psychotherapy. usually lithium or anticonvulsants if client doesn't respond to lithium.

Question 54

dissociative disorders

Answer 54

a disruption in consciousness, identity, memory, or perception of the environment. can't be explained via substances or medical.

Question 55

dissociative amnesia

Answer 55

when someone has more then one episode in which they are unable to remember important personal information and memory loss cannot be attributed to regular forgetfulness. likely to be related to traumatic event.

Question 56

dissociative fugue

Answer 56

an abrupt unexpected purposeful flight from home with an inability to remember the past.

Question 57

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Answer 57

when an individual has recurrent episodes in which they feel detached from their mental processes or body to surroundings.

Question 58

paraphilic disorders treatment

Answer 58

in vivo aversion therapy, covert sensitization. medication named depo-provera

Question 59

schizoid personality disorder

Answer 59

a pervasive lack of interest in relationships with others and limited range of emotional expression in contacts with others.

Question 60

schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 60

pervasive social deficits, oddities of cognition, perception, or behavior.

Question 61

paranoid personality disorder

Answer 61

pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness that involves believing the actions and thoughts of other people to be directed antagonistically against oneself.

Question 62

borderline personality disorder treatment

Answer 62

DBT

Question 63

histrionic personality disorder

Answer 63

excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior.

Question 64

dependent personality disorder

Answer 64

excessive reliance on others.

Question 65

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Answer 65

persistent preoccupation with organization and mental/interpersonal control.

Question 66

avoidant personality disorder

Answer 66

involves feelings of anxiety or fearfulness. pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitive to negative evaluation.