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Cardio: ECGs > Diagnosing from the ECG > Flashcards

Diagnosing from the ECG Flashcards

(47 cards)

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0
Q

COPD

A 
Generalized small complexes
R axis
RAH (P pulmonale)
RVH
RBBB
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1
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A 
Sinus tachycardia
RVH
RBBB
S1 Q3 T3
Could have atrial arrhythmias
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2
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

LAH if in sinus rhythm
AF is common
RVH
R axis

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3
Q

Mitral Incompetence

A

LAH if in sinus rhythm
AF common
LVH
RVH

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4
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

Flat/absent P waves
Broadened QRS
Large peaked T waves
Arrhythmias

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5
Q

Hypokalaemia

A 
Flat T waves
Prominent U waves
Prolonged QT
1st or 2nd degree block
ST depression
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6
Q

Hypercalcaemia

A

Shortened QT

Flat T waves

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7
Q

Hypocalcaemia

A

Prolonged QT

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8
Q

Parts of a STEMI

A

Necrosis - pathological Q wave
Injury - ST elevation
Ischemia - inverted T wave

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9
Q

If T waves remain inverted 2 weeks after a STEMI

A

Suspect a myocardial aneurysm

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10
Q

Earliest sign of a MI

A

Giant peaked T waves

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11
Q

What leads show infarction of the RCA of circumflex artery?

A

Inferior leads (S2, S3, aVF)

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12
Q

What leads show infarction of the LAD?

A

Chest leads (V1-V6)

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13
Q

What leads show infarction of the 1st diagonal of the LAD?

A

High lateral leads (S1, aVL)

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14
Q

What causes sinus tachycardia?

A 
Exercise
Pregnancy
Fever
Anaemia
Thyrotoxicosis
CF
Shock
PE
Alcohol Withdrawal
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15
Q

How can you unmask flutter waves?

A

Vagal stimulation

Adenosine

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16
Q

Treatment of Atrial Flutter

A

Electrical cardioversion

Radio-frequency catheter ablation

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17
Q

AVNRT is common in?

A

Young pts with structurally normal hearts

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18
Q

Rate of AVNRT

19
Q

Type of drugs to be avoided if direction of conduction is reversed in AVRT

Study These Flashcards
A

Drugs that inhibit AV condution such as Verapamil and Digoxin

20
Q

What should be ruled out as a cause if AF is discovered?

Study These Flashcards
A

Thyrotoxicosis

21
Q

What steps should be taken to manage AF?

Study These Flashcards
A

Prevent thrombo-embolic episodes
Control ventricular rate
Find treatable cause
Regain sinus rhythm

22
Q

What rhythm has 3 or more ectopic atrial beats and P waves which vary in morphology?

Study These Flashcards
A

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

23
Q

What is the most common cause of MAT?

Study These Flashcards
A

Obstructive airway disease

24
A scar from a previous MI is a common cause for which tachyarrhythmia?
Ventricular Tachycardia
25
Treatment of VT
Electrical cardioversion | Anti-arrhythmic drug such as Amiodarone or Lignocaine
26
Signs of VT
AV dissociation QRS > 140ms Electrial concordance NW axis
27
Treatment of non-sustained VT
Prophylactic anti-arrhythmic drug or implantable defibrillator
28
Torades de Point is worsened with what type of drugs?
Anti-arrhythmic drugs
29
Treatment of Torsades de Point
Electrical cardioversion Correct electrolyte disturbances esp. low Mg Isoprenaline infusion or cardiac pacing
30
Treatment for VF
Adnvanced cardiac life support | electrical cardioversion
31
What should be excluded in pts with premature ventricular ectopic beats to ensure good prognosis?
Ischaemia and structural heart disease
32
What is a delta wave?
The initial slurred QRS deflection characteristic of WPW syndrome
33
Describe the AF pts with WPWS are prone to develop
Irregular, broad complex tachycardia with anterograde conduction
34
Name the regular, narrow tachyarrhythmias
``` Sinus tachycardia Ectopic atrial tachycardia Atrial flutter AVNRT AVRT ```
35
Name the Irregular, narrow tachyarrhythmias
AF Atrial flutter with variable block MAT
36
Name the regular, broad tachyarrhythmias
``` VT SVT with BBB SVT with aberrant conduction SVT with eccentric conduction Ventricular pacemaker ```
38
Name the Irregular, broad tachyarrhythmias
``` AF with BBB AF with aberrant conduction AF with eccentric conduction Multifocal ventricular rhythm Torsades de Point ```
39
Extrinsic causes of sinus bradycardia
Drugs Hypothyroidism Cholestatic jaundice
40
Intrinsic causes of sinus bradycardia
SSS | Ischaemic heart disease
41
In what condition will exersice or atropine have no effect on the heart rate
Sick Sinus Syndrome
42
Causes of 1st degree block
``` Fit Beta-blockers RF Myocarditis Ischaemia ```
43
What heart block is the PR interval progressively lengthened until a beat is dropped?
2nd degree - Mobitz 1
44
Mobitz 1 is commonly observed after?
Inferior MI
45
Who would require pacing in Mobitz 1?
Symptomatic elderly pts with structural heart disese
46
Why is a pacemaker indicated in Mobitz 2?
It often progresses to 3rd degree block
47
If the QRS complex is narrow in complete block, where does the escape rhythm originate?
The AV junction

Cardio: ECGs (2 decks)

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