Diagnosis and Cellular Pathology

Question 1

Give four examples of Adaptive Processes.

Answer 1

Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia

Question 2

Two types of Cell Injury

Answer 2

Reversible; Irreversible

Question 3

Define Stress.

Answer 3

Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism; can cause injury

Question 4

When adaptive capability is exceeded or in certain instances when adaptation is no longer possible due to severe stimulus, it leads to?

Answer 4

Cell Injury

Question 5

type of cell death characterized by severe membrane injury and enzymatic degeneration

Answer 5

necrosis

Question 6

regulated form of cell death, ex: renewal of skin cells

Answer 6

apoptosis

Question 7

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 7

Cells are able to maintain normal structure and function in response to physiological demands

Question 8

It could alter the normal steady state of cell or alter homeostasis of the body’s homeostasis

Answer 8

Injury

Question 9

Two processes acquired during cell injury

Answer 9

1. Cells may survive in a damage state and adapt to injury (Reversible Injury).
2. Die or Cell Death (Irreversible Injury).

Question 10

Father of Cellular Pathology

Answer 10

Rudolf Virchow

Question 11

Put forward the concept that disease begins at the molecular and cellular level

Answer 11

Rudolf Virchow

Question 12

What are the 11 Components of Description?

Answer 12

1. Tissue
2. Number
3. Important Distribution
4. Shape
5. Color
6. Size
7. Pattern
8. Consistency
9. Special features
10. Others such as odor
11. Surface

Question 13

What are the morphologic dx modifiers? Give examples each.

Answer 13

1. Severity - mild, severe, moderate
2. Duration - acute, chronic
3. Distribution - focal, multifocal, locally extensive, diffuse
4. Nature of Lesion - inflammatory, degeneration
5. Organ prefix - osis, opathy, itis

Question 14

3 steps useful in Veterinary Medicine

Answer 14

1. Observe carefully.
2. Describe completely.
3. Diagnose confidently.

Question 15

Define Biopsy.

Answer 15

Removal and examination of tissue from the living body in order to establish precise diagnosis.

Question 16

It is a concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, and name of the disease.

Answer 16

Diagnosis

Question 17

Differentiate morphological/lesion dx from differential dx.

Answer 17

Morphological dx is best on predominant lesion in the tissue while differential is a list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs, or lesions in the case.

Question 18

diagnosis that names the specific cause

Answer 18

Etiologic dx

Question 19

specific diagnosis which states the name of the disease

Answer 19

Disease dx or definitive dx

Question 20

Differentiate morphological pathologists and clinical pathologists.

Answer 20

Morphological pathologists study morphologic manifestation of disease. Meanwhile, clinical pathologists specialize through laboratory analysis of disease.

Question 21

Descriptions in Gross Pathology (6)

Answer 21

1. No interpretations should appear in the description of lesion.
2. Description should be concise.
3. Grammatically correct.
4. Anatomically accurate.
6. Avoid making description based on frequency diagnosis.