Diagnostic Imaging

Question 1

x-ray versus radiograph

Answer 1

invisible light bean vs image of an anatomical part

Question 2

x-ray tube has a ______ and an _______ inside a glass case

Answer 2

cathode
anode

Question 3

how is a radiograph produced

Answer 3

high volt current passes through a vacuum creating an x-ray and it penetrates through the body onto a film cassette

Question 4

more radiodense structure are ______ and appear ______

Answer 4

radiopaque
white

Question 5

less radiodense structure are ____ and appear ______

Answer 5

radiolucent
dark

Question 6

you always need at least ____ projections for xray

Answer 6

2

Question 7

how are anterior posterior radiographs named

Answer 7

for the way the beam is going

Question 8

how are lateral and oblique radiographs named

Answer 8

for the side closest to the film cassette

Question 9

ABCs of imaging

Answer 9

alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
soft tissues

Question 10

the anatomical part closest to the x-ray tube will appear _______

Answer 10

larger

Question 11

what is the most commonly performed imaging

Answer 11

radiograph

Question 12

primary indication for a radiograph

Answer 12

bone injury

Question 13

contrast enhanced imaging

Answer 13

inject medium into an anatomical part and then perform a radiograph

Question 14

what is a pro to contrast enhanced imaging?

Answer 14

improved visualization of pathology

Question 15

arthrography

Answer 15

injection of a medium into a joint

Question 16

myelography

Answer 16

injection of a medium into the spine

Question 17

computerized tomography

Answer 17

• radiographs taken in a 360 degree fashion
• pt is placed on a table moving through a circular ring

Question 18

when is a CT indicated

Answer 18

complex fractures/tumors (wrist, face, pelvis, spine)

Question 19

T or F: CT scans eliminate superimposition of one anatomical part on another

Answer 19

t

Question 20

what can CT scans not visualize

Answer 20

articular cartilage, ttendon rupture/tendonitis

Question 21

this imaging is good for soft ttissue when MRI is contraindicated

Answer 21

CT (metal is not contraindicated)

Question 22

this image is best for cortical bone

Answer 22

CT

Question 23

magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 23

nuclei generate a magnetic moment, tissues are placed in a magnetic field, energy patterns develop an image

Question 24

for an MRI pt usually has to lie still for at least ________

Answer 24

1 hour

Question 25

what are some indications for MRI

Answer 25

soft tissue lesions surgical/injection planning stress fx ligament injury tumors cartilage head trauma/SCI bone marrow edema

Question 26

T1 weighted MRI... what is dark and what is bright?

Answer 26

bright = fat dark = fluid and soft tissue

Question 27

T2 weighted MRI... what is dark and what is bright?

Answer 27

bright = fluid (bright) and soft tissue (bright-ish) dark - fat

Question 28

fat sat/STIR MRI.... what is dark and what is bright

Answer 28

bright = water dark = fat

Question 29

_______ bone has no fatt or water, while ____ bone has fat

Answer 29

cortical trabecular

Question 30

2 benefits of MRI

Answer 30

1 - both sensitive and specific 2 - no radiation

Question 31

bone scan

Answer 31

- agent is injected and pt is placed under a camera - entire body is scanned and can be compared side to side

Question 32

bone scans have ______ sensitivitty and _______ specificity

Answer 32

good poor

Question 33

in a bone scan, does normal bone appear lighter or darker than pathological bone?

Answer 33

light

Question 34

indications for bone scan

Answer 34

- tumors - metastatic disease - infections - stress reactions - fractures - avascular necrosis

Question 35

what are diagnostic ultrasounds most commonly used for?

Answer 35

image soft tissue lesions in tendon and muscle

Question 36

T or F: diagnostic ultrasound uses ionizing radiation

Answer 36

F: but image quality is not as good as CT/MRI

Question 37

T or F: diagnostic ultrasound is efficient and cost-effective

Answer 37

T

Question 38

what can PTs use diagnostic ultrasound for?

Answer 38

pre and post movement re-education

Question 39

fluoroscopy is similar to what other imaging

Answer 39

plain films

Question 40

T or F: with fluoroscopy images can be static or dynamic

Answer 40

T

Question 41

indications for fluoroscopy

Answer 41

- in the OR for fracture reduction/fixation - observe abnormal movement of a joint

Question 42

what are 2 downsides to fluoroscopy

Answer 42

1 - increased radiation 2 - poor quality image

Question 43

x-ray absorptiometry

Answer 43

evaluates bone density by using standard anatomical partts as a reference and compares these to a normative model

Question 44

changes in bone density are termed ____ while _____ is a pathology

Answer 44

osteopenia osteoporosis

Question 45

quantative CT

Answer 45

takes a CT or 3 lumbar vertebrae and assesses bone density against a normative model

Question 46

what 2 types of imaging have no radiation exposure

Answer 46

diagnostic ultrasound and MRI