Diagnostic techniques Flashcards
What is the purpose of scout films in urethrography?
To identify renal calculi that are otherwise obscured by contrast
What is a dromedary hump?
Normal variation, lump on the lateral aspect of the mid left kidney due to molding by the adjacent spleen
What is renal sinus lipomatosis?
Accumulation of fat in the renal sinus that may attenuate the collecting system, preventing adequate calyceal distension
Where is a hypertrophied column of bertin most commonly seen?
Junction of superior and middle thirds of kidney
What are transverse ureteral folds?
Slight constrictions at the ureteropelvic junction with no significance
What is psoas hypertrophy?
Enlarged psoas muscles can push the mid ureters anteromedially
What are the three main complications of retrograde pyelogram?
1 - cannulated orifice becomes obstructed and edematous
2 - Overdistension of pelvocalyceal system results in small forniceal ruptures - PYELOSINUS BACKFLOW
3 - PYELOTUBULAR backflow into the renal tubular lamina
What is the positioning of male and female patients during urethrograms?
Females in AP
Males in 45 oblique
What is the difference between pulsed duplex and color flow doppler (continuous wave time velocity wave form)?
Pulsed duplex allows display of flow in a small area on a corresponding gray scale image - get a wave form
Color flow superimposed on gray scale with blue (away) and red (towards) transducer, can view larger area
What is the difference in color flow and power doppler?
Color flow gives directional and frequency information
Power doppler gives only frequency (amplitude) without directionality, but gives a greater area of interest
What/when are the phases of a urogram?
Noncontrast
Corticomedullary phase (15-30s)
Nephrographic (60-90sec)
Excretory (180-300s, 5-10m)
Why is oral contrast important in pelvic CT
delineates small bowel from ovarian cysts
Why is water soluble contrast used in HSG?
Because oil based solvents can enter uterine veins and cause PE
What is Tc99m - DTPA useful for? What is it not useful for?
Useful for perfusion as it is protein bound, also evaluation of urinary tract
Not useful for cortical imaging
What is Tc99m - DSMA useful for? What is it not useful for?
Useful for cortical imaging as it is highly bound in the cortex
Not useful for perfusion
