Diagnostic testing

Question 1

This type of imaging determines anatomic abnormalities and pathological processes within the chest

Answer 1

chest radiographs

Question 2

This image shows what pathological process and is associated with what pathologies

Answer 2

diffuse alveolar filling pattern ( lung is filled with fluid)
associated with HF, ARDs, and COVID

Question 3

This type of imaging is used to diagnose tumors vs. calcifications or nodules. It involves narrow beam of x-rays.

Answer 3

Computed tomography

Question 4

True or false: computed tomography can detect pneumothorax or effusions

Answer 4

true

Question 5

This type of imaging is the gold standard for finding embolisms. Embolisms can be read as complete obstruction, intraluminal filing defects, or decrease in flow rate. A disadvantage is it’s very time consuming.

Answer 5

Pulmonary Arteriography

Question 6

This type of imaging is used to evaluate chest wall processes. It can be used for those with a mass or nodule on an abnormal chest radiograph.

Answer 6

Magnetic Reasonance Imaging ( MRI)

Question 7

This type of imaging measures regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the lungs. also rule out pulmonary emboli

Answer 7

Ventilation and Perfusion scans

Question 8

This type of imaging looks at pathological changes in bronchial wall and lumen

Answer 8

Bronchography

Question 9

This type of imaging uses a scope to assess for infection and can clear viscous secretions. It can look at hard to see places in the bronchial tree

Answer 9

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Question 10

This pulmonary test includes a max inhale followed by max exhale. Data obtained: FVC, FEV, FVC, and VC.

Answer 10

Spirometry

Question 11

Total Lung Capacity formula

Answer 11

vital capacity + residual volume

Question 11

Graphic tracing that test lung volume and capacity is called

Answer 11

spirogram

Question 12

Pulmonary Function Testing: **gas flow rates **
gives information on actual function of lungs, degree of —– , and general —–

Answer 12

= impairment
= location

Question 13

Pulmonary Function testing: tests of diffusion
measures —– of function of the —– —–
The 3 factors that cause abnormal values are x , y , and z

Answer 13

integrity of function of the lung unit
x = distance
y = blood flow
z = breathing ability ( ventilation)

Question 14

Tests of diffusion look at amount of gas entering —– —— —– per unit of time
This is relative to the difference partial pressures of gas in —- and —–

Answer 14

pulmonary blood flow
alveoli and pulmonary blood

Test looks at how good lung is pulling gas from alveoli

Question 15

This pulmonary function test gives a visual representation of what is happening in the lungs during forced inspiration and expiration

Answer 15

Flow volume loop

Question 16

This flow volume loop is showing what ?

Answer 16

vital capacity
Volume decrease going right ( expiration)
Volume increase going left ( inspiration)

Question 17

This graph shows what type of lung pathology.

Answer 17

obstructive lung pathology
Higher residual volume –> Air trapping

Question 18

This graph shows type of lung pathology.

Answer 18

restrictive lung pathology
less air in

Question 19

Pulmonary function tests: predicted results are based on age, —–, height, —-, and ——

Answer 19

gender, weight, and race

Question 20

arterial blood gases

Normal value for pH

Answer 20

7.40

Question 20

normal value for pCO2

Answer 20

40 mmHg

Question 21

normal value for pO2

Answer 21

97 mmHg

Question 22

normal value for HCO3- ( bicarbonate)

Answer 22

24 mmHg

Question 23

normal value for oxygen saturation ( %)

Answer 23

97 %

Question 24

----- directly reflects adequacy of alveolar ventilation

Answer 24

PaCO2

Question 25

hyperventilation: what is the PaCO2 value

Answer 25

PaCO2 <40 mm Hg less than sign ( Increase depth of breathing – decrease CO2)

Question 26

hypoventilation: what is the PaCO2 value

Answer 26

PaCO2 >40 mm Hg more than sign (decrease depth of breathing - increase CO2)

Question 27

Vent failure: what is the PaCO2

Answer 27

PaCO2 >50 mm Hg more than sign

Question 28

To accurately determine the severity and nature of the illness you need to look at the relationship ----- and -----

Answer 28

arterial pH and arterial CO2 tension

Question 29

Acid base balance: Assessment blood pH—nature and magnitude of these 2 disorders

Answer 29

lung and metabolic disorders

Question 30

pH < 7.4 is ------

Answer 30

acidemia " less than acid"

Question 31

In acidemia what is low and high with HCO3 and PaCO2 ?

Answer 31

Low HCO3 = metabolic acidosis High PaCO2 ( alveolar HYPOventilation, hypercapnia)

Question 32

pH > 7.4 is ----

Answer 32

alkalemia " high alkitude"

Question 33

In alkalemia what is low and high with HCO3 and PaCO2 ?

Answer 33

High HCO3 - metabolic alkolosis Low PaCO2 - alveolar HYPERventilation, hypocapnia

Question 34

normal PaO2 is between this range

Answer 34

80 to 100 mmHg

Question 35

mildly hypoxemia has range from ---- to ---- mmHg

Answer 35

60 to 80 mmHg

Question 36

moderately hypoxemia has range from ---- to ---- mmHg

Answer 36

40 to 60 mmHg

Question 37

severely hypoxemia has range from ---- to ---- mmHg

Answer 37

40 mmHg

Question 38

arterial blood gases are ---- dependent

Answer 38

time dependent

Question 39

venous blood gases can provide status of ---- and ---

Answer 39

pH and PaCO2

Question 40

a higher carbon dioxide will be a ----- pH a lower carbon dioxide will be a ----- pH

Answer 40

Higher CO2 – ph lower Lower CO2 – ph higher

Question 41

Oximetry is a measurement of

Answer 41

oxygehemoglobin saturation results = O2 Hb%

Question 42

anemia is --- hemoglobin, --- RBC and --- hemotocrit

Answer 42

low Hb, low RBC, and low hematocrit

Question 43

Polycythemia is ----- in hemoglobin, ---- RBC , and --- hematocrit

Answer 43

increase in all 3

Question 44

leukoctyosis is ---- WBC leukopenia is ---- WBC

Answer 44

leukocytosis - increased WBC Leukopenia - decreased WBC

Question 45

Norm range for INR values

Answer 45

normal: .8 to 1.1

Question 46

lower INR is at risk for ? higher INR is at risk for ?

Answer 46

lower INR = clot risk higher INR = hemorrhage risk