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Top 300 Drugs > Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

Autoimmune Conditions:
Autoimmune Various

A

^CRP, ^ESR, +RF, +ANA

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2
Q

Autoimmune Conditions:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

^CRP, ^ESR, +RF, +ANA
+ACPA

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3
Q

Autoimmune Conditions:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

^CRP, ^ESR, +RF, +ANA
anti-dsDNA

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4
Q

Autoimmune Conditions:
Multiple Sclerosis

A

MRI

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5
Q

Anticoagulation and Blood Disorders:
Anemia

A

Decreased Hgb/Hct/RBCs
Normal MCV = 80 - 100 fL
Microcytic - < 80 - Iron deficiency
Macrocytic - >100 - Vit B12/folate deficiency.

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6
Q

Anticoagulation and Blood Disorders:
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

A

D-dimer (marker for fibrinolysis)
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): ultrasound, MRI, venography
Pulmonary embolism: pulmonary CTA

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7
Q

Anticoagulation and Blood Disorders:
Stroke Prevention

A

CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system: for the need of anticoagulation therapy in patients with Afib
C - congestive HF +1
H - HTN +1
A - age >75yo +2
D - DM +1
S - Previous stroke/ TIA… +2
V - vascular dx +1
A - age 65 - 74 yo +1
Sc - sex category +1

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8
Q

Anticoagulation and Blood Disorders:
Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A

> 50% decrease in platelet count 5-14 days after starting heparin treatment, HPF4-ELISA +ve antibodies and SRA

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9
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
Acute Coronary Syndromes

A

ECG or EKG, CK-MB,
(most sensitive and specific) Troponin I, and T

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10
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
Arrhythmias

A

ECG, Holter Monitor, HR

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11
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA or Stroke)

A

CT and MRI

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12
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
CHF

A

^ BNP and NT-proBNP, and echo

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13
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
Stable Angina

A

Cardiac stress test, angiography

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14
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
Dyslipidemia

A

^ LDL, Non-HDL, TC, TGs, coronary artery calcium (CAC; non-invasive CT, measures Ca2+ containing plaque

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15
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
HTN

A

High SBP/DBP
Normal: <120/<80 mmHg
Elevated: >120 - 129 and >80 mmHg
Stage 1: >130 - 139 or >80-90 mmHg
Stage 2: >140 or >90 mmHg

Goal: <130/80 mmHg

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16
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
Hypertensive Emergency or Urgency

A

Emergency: >180/120 mmHg WITH acute target organ damage
Urgency: >180/120 mmHg WITHOUT acute target organ damage

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17
Q

Cardiovascular Conditions:
10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular dx (ASCVD)

A

10-year ASCVD risk tool (use in patients w/o an established hx of ASCVD (Stroke, PAD, ACS/IHD)

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18
Q

Endocrine Conditions:
Diabetes, Prediabetes

A

OGTT, FPG, A1C

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19
Q

Endocrine Conditions:
Hyperthyroidism

A

LOW TSH, HIGH FT4

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20
Q

Endocrine Conditions:
Hypothyroidism

A

HIGH TSH, LOW FT4

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21
Q

Female Health:
Ovulation

A

LH (peak important forthe chance of pregnancy)

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22
Q

Female Health:
Pregnancy

A

+ hCG in urine or blood

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23
Q

Female Health:
Bacterial Vaginitis

A

Clear, white or gray vaginal discharge, with a fishy odor and pH >4.5, little or no pain

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24
Q

Female Health:
Candida Vaginitis

A

White, thicker vaginal discharge, pruritus (itching)

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25
Female Health: Trichomoniasis
Yellow, green frothy, foul-smelling vaginal disharge, pH >4.5, soreness and pain with intercourse.
26
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Peptic Ulcer Dx (PUD)
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (mouth to small intestine) Duodenal ulcer: pain 2-3 hrs after eating (w/o food in the stomach), pain relief w/ food/antacids Gastric ulcer: pain right after eating (w/ food in the stomach), little/no pain relief w/ food/antacids
27
Gastrointestinal Disorders: GERD
Esophageal pH monitoring, endoscopy
28
Gastrointestinal Disorders: H. pylori
Urea breath test (UBT), fecal antigen test
29
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's dx)
- Endoscopy (for Crohn's dx, which affects more of the GI tract) - Sigmoidoscopy (for UC, which affects the colon and rectum) For both: colonoscopy, biopsy, CT, MRI
30
Pulmonary Disorders: Bronchospastic Diseases
Spirometry measures 3 main variables FEV1: how much air can be forcefully exhaled in one sec FVC: the max amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled FEV1/FVC: the % of total air capacity ("vital capacity") that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 sec.
31
Pulmonary Disorders: Asthma
FVC, FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) Allergic asthma: skin test (to detect an antigen)
32
Pulmonary Disorders: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 Eosinophils > 300 cells/uL indicates inflammation and better response to inhaled corticosteroids
33
Acid/Base Disorders: Metabolic Acidosis
Arterial blood gas measures pH, pCO2, HCO3 Low pH, Low HCO3; compensation: respiratory alkalosis
34
Acid/Base Disorders: Respiratory Acidosis
Low pH, High pCO2; compensation: metabolic alkalosis
35
Acid/Base Disorders: Metabolic Alkalosis
High pH, High HCO3; compensation: respiratory acidosis
36
Acid/Base Disorders: Respiratory Alkalosis
High pH, Low pCO2; compensation: metabolic acidosis
37
Acid/Base Disorders: Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Anion gap >12 mEq/L
38
Infections: General Infection
Fever, temp > 100.4F or 38C, High WBC count, left shift (high bands or immature neutrophils)
39
Infections: C. difficile
+ve C. diff stool toxin (enzyme immunoassay plus glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) test or PCR
40
Infections: HIV
- HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay - HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay - HIV RNA viral load, nucleic acid test
41
Infections: Infective Endocarditis
Echo (to check for vegetation), blood culture (to identify the causative organism)
42
Infections: Lyme Disease
Round, red bullseye rash, ELISA test
43
Infections: Meningitis
Lumbar puncture (LP), plus symptoms of severe HA, stiff neck, and altered mental status
44
Infections: Onychomycosis (Fungal infection of the Toenail or Fingernail)
20% KOH (potassium hydroxide) smear
45
Infections: Lice (Pediculosis)
Pruritus, visible lice on the scalp, and nits (eggs) on hair shafts
46
Infections: Pinworms (Vermicularis)
Tape test (on skin adjacent to anus to check presence of eggs), helminths (worms) in blood, feces or urine
47
Infections: Pneumonia
Chest X-ray showing infiltrates, consolidations, or opacities
48
Infections: Syphilis
+ve nontreponemal assay (rapid plasma reagin) (RPR) or Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) blood test and treponemal assay
49
Infections: Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis
Toxoplasma IgM and IgG test
50
Infections: Tuberculosis (TB)
Latent TB: +ve tuberculin skin test (TST) aka a purified protein derivative (PPD), or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
51
Infections: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
urinalysis ( +ve leucocyte estrase or WBC > 10 cells/mm^3, nitrites, bacteria), urine culture
52
Cancer
Initial screenings, all followed by biopsy (tissue sample sent to pathology)
53
Breast Cancer
Mammogram, ultrasound, MRI
54
Cervical Cancer
Pap smear, HPV test
55
Colon Cancer
Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, double-contrast barium enema, CT colonography, stool DNA, FOBT, fecal immunochemical test
56
Lung Cancer
CT chest
57
Skin Cancer
Skin biopsy
58
Prostate Cancer
Digital rectal exam (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
59
General Cancer
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test ( a marker to identify cancer), positron emission tomography (PET)
60
Allergic Reactions
Skin prick (scratch) test (immediate), Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies (blood)
61
Bleeding
Low Hgb/Hct - Visible blood or bruising - Coffee ground emesis or dark/tarry stools (upper GI bleeding) - Red blood in stool (lower GI bleeding or hemorrhoids)
62
Cholestasis (Bile Duct Blockage)
High Alk Phos, High Tbili, High gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
63
Cognitive Impairment (e.g., Alzheimer's)
MMSE, score < 24 indicates impairment
64
Cystic Fibrosis
Sweat test
65
Glaucoma
High IOP, visual field test (to identify optic nerve damage)
66
Gout
High uric acid (UA) level
67
Liver Disease
LFTs: High AST/ALT, High Alk Phos, High Tbili, High lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) - Cirrhosis (chronic liver disease): High PT/INR, Low Alb - Alcoholic Liver Disease: High AST > High ALT, High GGT - Hepatic Encephalopathy; High ammonia level in the blood
68
Movement Disorders (e.g., PD)
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), a rating scale used to measure involuntary movements, or tardive dyskinesias (TD), as a monitoring tool for patient improvement
69
Myopathy
High CPK
70
Neuropathy, Peripheral
Assess sensation with 10-g monofilament, pinprick, temperature, and/or vibration tests
71
Osteoarthritis
X-ray, MRI
72
Osteoporosis
BMD using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA), T-score < 2.5 - Osteopenia: T-score -1 to -2.4
73
Pain
Pain scales, non-verbal signs (e.g., moaning, grimacing, agitation)
74
Pancreatitis
High amylase/lipase
75
Psychiatric Disease (e.g., Depression, Schizo)
DSM-5 Depression specific: Ham-D or HDRS assessment scale
76
Renal Disease
High BUN/Scr, CrCl, eGFR, urine-albumin - Dehydration: BUN/Scr ratio > 20:1, plus symptoms (e.g, low urine output, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia)
77
Seizures/Epilepsy
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
78
Weight: Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obesity
BMI + waist circumference for risks associated w/ overweight/obesity IBW, TBW

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