Diagnostics

Question 1

Precipitation reaction

Answer 1

How it reacts:
Lattice of IgG/IgM antibodies with soluble antigens

What it tells us:
Proteins in human blood serum, syphilis

Question 2

Agglutination

Answer 2

How it reacts
Clumping of particulate or soluble antigens to antibodies

What it tells us
Antibody titer, concentration of antibodies in serum, strep throat

Question 3

Hemagglutination

Answer 3

How it reacts
Antibodies with red blood cell plasma membrane

What it tells us
Clumping = positive, blood typing, mononucleosis (viral)

Question 4

Neutralization

Answer 4

How it reacts
Antibody is introduced to culture of cells & antigen to neutralize antigen

What it tells us
Cells not destroyed = antigen neutralized by “antitoxin”/antibody, influenza, measles, mumps

Question 5

Complement-Fixation

Answer 5

How it reacts
Serum proteins bond with antigen-antibody complexes, complete “fixed” bond

What it tells us
Identify small amounts of antibody in serum, pathogens (viral, protozoan, fungal, bacterial), Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Question 6

Fluorescent-Antibody (RA)

Answer 6

How it reacts
Fluorescent dye binds to antibodies

What it tells us
Glow under ultraviolet light, rabies

Question 7

ELISA

Answer 7

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

How it reacts
Reagents identify antigens or antibodies, direct = antibodies, indirect = antigens

What it tells us
HIV infection, pregnancy tests

Question 8

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Answer 8

How it reacts
Radioactive tag markers bind to antibodies/antigens

What it tells us
Scan for tag-hormone levels in blood

Question 9

Delete

Answer 9

Delete