Diagrams

Question 1

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract

Answer 1

Fine movements (fingers, toes, lips)

Question 2

Rubrospinal Pathway

Answer 2

Voluntary control of movements

Question 3

Tectospinal Pathway

Answer 3

Mediates head and body orientation (in response to localized visual, auditory, tactile stimuli)

Question 4

Reticulospinal Pathway

Answer 4

Stabilizes movement on uneven surfaces

Question 5

Vestibulospinal Pathway

Answer 5

Mediates head and body orientation in response to changes in head velocity due to gravity

Question 6

Ramon Y Cajal

Answer 6

Nervous system made up of neurons, brain pathways cross to maintain relation to environment

Question 7

James Olds

Answer 7

Rats, reward, electrical stimulation

Question 8

Spemann, Mangold

Answer 8

Organizer, induces second nervous system

Question 9

Hamburger, Rita Levi Montalcini, Cohen

Answer 9

NGF

Question 10

Erlanger, Gasser, Bishop

Answer 10

Compound action potential, discrimination based on stimulus

Question 11

Sherrington

Answer 11

Neuronal connectivity and functioning

Question 12

Adrian

Answer 12

Single fiber recording, touch, hearing, sight, etc.

Question 13

Raichle

Answer 13

Used PET at WUSTL, language and behavior

Question 14

The brain uses approximately…

Answer 14

20 percent of 02 supply and 20 percent of glucose

Question 15

Changes in membrane potential of single neurons are monitored by single unit recordings

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Some functional imaging methods depend on brain blood flow changes

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Parts of the cerebral hemispheres are interconnected through the…

Answer 17

Corpus Callosum

Question 18

____ is one of the optic nerve’s four main targets

Answer 18

Inferior Colliculus

Question 19

Left cerebellum is concerned with…

Answer 19

Left part of the body

Question 20

Cones transduce

Answer 20

Light colors

Question 21

Rods work well in the….

Answer 21

dark

Question 22

The adequate stimulus

Answer 22

changes frequency of neuron’s action potential

Question 23

Craving cocaine activates regions discovered by who in what animal?

Answer 23

James Olds in rats

Question 24

The left pyramid is concerned with

Answer 24

The right side of the body

Question 25

In slowly adapting neurons, the frequency of action potentials...

Answer 25

Is similar throughout the duration of the stimulus

Question 26

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 26

Craving circuits

Question 27

Down Syndrome

Answer 27

Poor at spatial details and good at global organization

Question 28

Speech and gesture comprehension

Answer 28

Wernicke's areas, left and right respectively

Question 29

Skilled movements are due to

Answer 29

Long term synaptic effects

Question 30

The receptive field of a neuron

Answer 30

Determined from stimuli that change the firing of its action potentials

Question 31

Motor “maps” in the brain are ___ to the number of motor neurons to muscles they activate

Answer 31

Proportional

Question 32

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory maps in the ____ are in register

Answer 32

Superior colliculus

Question 33

Sensory maps reflect the organization of...

Answer 33

The sensory periphery

Question 34

Long term synaptic changes are provoked by...

Answer 34

Experience

Question 35

In depression activity in the amygdala is

Answer 35

Increased

Question 36

Magneto-encephalography

Answer 36

Follows time course of action potentials

Question 37

Donkeys working in mind without exposure to light are blind, whisker removal at birth alters brain patterns, climbing fibers contribute to performance improvement in violinist

Answer 37

Brain Plasticity

Question 38

Amplitude peaks of the compound action potential correlate with

Answer 38

Axon conduction velocity

Question 39

Muscle spindle input ___ motor neurons controlling the antagonist muscle

Answer 39

Inhibits

Question 40

Parkinson's Disease

Answer 40

- Involved locus coeruleus - Can be alleviated by focal electrical stimulation of the brain - Is characterized by slowness of activation of movements

Question 41

Depression can be treated by...

Answer 41

Serotonin uptake inhibitors

Question 42

Amygdala

Answer 42

Smaller in schizophrenia

Question 43

Cerebellum

Answer 43

Parallel and climbing fibers

Question 44

Santiago Ramon Y Cajal

Answer 44

Neuron theory

Question 45

Musicians without perfect pitch

Answer 45

Smaller planes temporal

Question 46

Lateral ventricle

Answer 46

Temporal horn

Question 47

Right frontal lobe

Answer 47

Generating speech gestures

Question 48

James Olds

Answer 48

Brain shocks for reward/pleasure

Question 49

Hippocampus

Answer 49

Smaller in clinical depression

Question 50

Donald Hebb

Answer 50

Heterosynaptic Plasticity

Question 51

Knee Jerk

Answer 51

Antagonist inhibition

Question 52

Charles Sherrington

Answer 52

Coined the term synapse

Question 53

Cortical Seteronergic Fibers

Answer 53

Fewer in schizophrenia

Question 54

Merkle disks

Answer 54

Sensitive to constant deformations

Question 55

Edgar Adrian

Answer 55

Defined the receptive field

Question 56

Herbert Gasser

Answer 56

WU Nobel Laureate

Question 57

Specific Muscles

Answer 57

Motor nuclei

Question 58

Subgenual cortex

Answer 58

Fewer glia in clinical depression

Question 59

Whiskers

Answer 59

Neurons outline map

Question 60

Marcus Raichle

Answer 60

Imaging human brain function

Question 61

Post synaptic depression

Answer 61

After wearing prism glasses

Question 62

Brain functions have been defined from...

Answer 62

Concentrated introspection

Question 63

Functional imaging methods depend on...

Answer 63

Brain metabolism

Question 64

Glia outnumber neurons in what ratio?

Answer 64

10:1

Question 65

Left cerebellum is concerned with what side of body???

Answer 65

Left