Diarrhea Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is Increased stool frequency
a) (more than 3 BM’s QD
(b) Liquidity of feces
Diarrhea
Diarrhea acute in onset and persisting for less than 2 weeks is most commonly caused by ___________, ___________
(either preformed or produced in the gut).
infectious agents, bacterial toxins
Infectious sources can be transmitted by __________, _______ and __________. Also usually has incubation periods between ________ hours.
fecal- oral contact, food and water
12 and 72 Hours
Pertinent Anatomy for diarrhea
(1) Small intestine
(2) Large intestine (colon)
(a) Cecum
(b) Rectosigmoid Colon
Pertinent Physiology
the ______ is the prime absorptive surface of the gastrointestinal tract.
Small intestine
Pertinent Physiology
>90% of all water absorbed in the GI tract takes place where
Small intestine
What part of the small intestine is the major site of water resorption
Jejunum
Disorders of the small intestine result in increased amounts of diarrheal fluid with a concomitantly greater loss of ______, ________ and ____
water, electrolytes, and nutrients
_______ are the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis
Infectious agents
Acute Infectious gastroenteritis is a common diarrheal illness seen in the _____ setting
Operational
What is the definition of diarrheal disease
three or more times per day or at least 200 g of stool per day
______ is defined as diarrheal disease of rapid onset that lasts less than two weeks and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain.
Acute gastroenteritis
Acute gastroenteritis involves the inflammation of the ____ and _____
stomach and portions of the small intestine
True/False
in acute Gastroenteritis both vomiting and diarrhea are usually present; however, either can occur alone.
True
Gastritis vs gastroenteritis
Gastritis involves ONLY the stomach
The two most common causes of gastritis are
- Chronic NSAID use
- Chronic alcohol use and/or large amounts of alcohol consumption
- Other etiologies for gastritis include trauma and critically ill patients that are admitted to the ICU.
Gastritis is typically self limited but patients may benefit from what treatment?
PPI and removal of the offending agent
If gastritis does not resolve with conservative management, consider referral for what testing?
endoscopy and H. Pylori testing
Chronic Diarrheal illnesses may be classified as
Secretory Inflammatory Chronic Infections Malabsorption syndromes Osmotic Motility disorders
What chronic diarrheal illness? due to an increase in the osmotic load presented to the intestinal lumen, either through excessive intake or diminished absorption Such as: 1) Medications 2) Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome
Osmotic
What chronic diarrheal illness?
when the mucosal lining of the intestine is inflamed
Inflammatory (or mucosal),
What chronic diarrheal illness?
when increased secretory activity occurs
Secretory
What is a parasite that can cause a chronic diarrheal illness
Giardia Lamblia
Chronic Diarrheal illnesses
These are examples of what?
Celiac disease, Whipple, Crohn disease, Lactose
Intolerance
Malabsorption syndromes
