Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical part B > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

complications of diarrhea

A

electrolyte imbalance
dehydration
hemorrhoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acute vs chronic

A

acute < 14 days

chronic: >14 days or recurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes of acute

A

infections
medications
diet/nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long does diarrhea last

A

2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common cause of viral gastroenteritis

A

noroviruses

24 hour stomach flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rotaviruses causes what? which age is highest incidence

A

acute gastroenteritis and infantile diarrhea

highest incidence between 3-24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of salmonella and how long it lasts

A

infected poultry, eggs, beef, veges, milk, fruit

1-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

campylobacter causes and duration

A

uncooked chicken, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water 1-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ecoli causes and duration

A

contamined food/water, travel

3-5 days, 5-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

shiga toxin from ecoli causes what serious syndrome

A

hemolytic uremic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

common parasites that cause diarrhea and treatment

A

g.lamblia
e.histolytica
i.belli
cryptosproridium sp.
referral cant self treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is giardia spread

A

ingestion of food/water contaminated with animal or human feces containing cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when does diarrhea caused by broad spectrum antibiotics start and resolve

A

2-3 days after starting antibiotic

resolved when stop antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complication of antibiotic induced diarrhea

A

pseudomembranous colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

medications that cause diarrhea

A 
laxatives
Mg antacids
metoclopramide
orlistat
acarbose
misoprostol 
antineoplastics 
opiate withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diet that causes acute diarrhea

A

gluten and lactose
sorbitol or mannitol
fatty, spicy, salted
rapid increase in dietary fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of chronic diarrhea

A 
IBD, chrons, UC, IBS
tumors
chemo 
malabsorption of carbs
diabetes 
diet, meds, infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

risk factors for infectious diarrhea

A 
day care centers
food handler or care giver 
crowded living conditions 
consumption of unsafe food 
certain medical conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 important questions to always ask

A

do you hvae a fever - sign of infection

blood in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

red flags

A 
fever over 38.5 
excesive ab pain, cramping
blood or mucous in stool 
dehydration, weight loss
vomit >4hrs
under 2 yrs old or frail 
severe: >6stools/day for >48 hours 
chronic medical condition 
laxative abuse
pregnant 
immunocompromised
recent antibiotic use 
worsening or persistent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

signs and symptoms of dehydration

A 
dry mouth, tongue 
increased thirst
decreased urination 
weak 
lightheaded 
children: few tears, sunken eyes, grey skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

treatment goals

A 
determine cause 
relieve symptoms 
re-establish normal stools
prevent/correcct fluid and electrolyte loss or imbalance
prevent complications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

non pharms

A

handwashing before and after meals, going to bathroom
prevent food poisoning
oral rehydration
early refeeding and maintenance of hydration
follow age appropriate diet
avoid fatty food and simple sugars and spicy foos
avoid caffiene - may promote fluid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how to prevent food poisoning

A 
avoid unpasteurized milk and juice
cook meat, eggs throughly 
keep hot foods hot and cold col 
rinse uncooked foods first 
separate cutting boards for raw meat
reheat food completely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
contraindications to oral rehydration therapy
protracted vomiting, worsening, unable to keep up wiht losses, stupor, coma, intestinal ileus
26
are sports drinks recommended
no due to high sugar and low amounts of electrolytes
27
what is contained in oral rehydration therapy and their purpose
glucose and electrolytes glucose provides calories and aids in absorption of sodium and water osmolality- 1glucose:1sodium
28
what is in gastrolyte
oral rehydration salts - citrate
29
directions and dose of gastrolyte
stir in 200ml water and drink freely and frequently while diarrhea continues
30
pedialytle contains what
correct balance of electrolytes, sugar, and water
31
loperamide MOA
synthetic opioid agonist slows intestinal motility allowing absorption of electrolytes and water decrease Gi secretion reduce of daily fecal volume, increase viscosity and bulk volume, reduce fluid and electrolyte loss
32
indication of loperamide
acute diarrhea, travelers (only treatment) chronic diarrhea associated with IBS adjunct to rehydration therapy
33
age restriciton and use in pregnancy of loperamide
not under 12 or in pregnancy without doctor recommendation | CI in under 2
34
side effects of loperamide
``` abdominal pain distention cramps NV dry mouth constipation drowsy fatigue skin rash worsens effects of invasive bacteria ```
35
dose of loperamide***
4mg initially | followed by 2mg after each loose stool
36
max use for loperamide
16mg/day | 2 days
37
CI of loperamide
``` blood/mucus in stool fever infectious diarrhea acute ulcerative colotis pseudomembranous colitis under 2 ```
38
onset of loperamide
.5-1 hour
39
severe drug interaction with loperamide
saquinavir
40
why is there abuse with loperamide
high doses can cross BB and reach central opioid receptors leading to euphoria
41
effects of loperamide at high doses
CNS toxicity and cardiac toxicity | dizziness, urinary retention, syncope, SOB, palpitations, dytonia
42
bismuth MOA in pepto
antimicrobial effect against diarrhea causing pathogens
43
salicylates MOA in pepto
antisecretory effects that rescues fluid and electrolyte losses
44
bismuth subsalicylate MOA
decrease frequency of unformed stools increase stool consistency relieve ab cramping decreased NV
45
indication of bismuth subsalicylate
symptom releif of diarrhea travellers (px or Tx) adjuvant to antibiotic treatment of h pylori
46
age restrictions for pepto
children =/>3 | not for children under 18 with febrile viral illness due to risk of reyes
47
adverse effects of pepto
impaction- infants and dehibilitated pts grey/black stools and tongues tinnitus headache, confusion
48
cautions with pepto
children recovering from chicken pox/flu sensitive to aspirin taking anticoagulants or other salicylates AIDS (neurotoxicity) Gi bleeds
49
onset of action for pepto
none so prob doesnt work
50
drug interactions with pepto
take 3 hours apart from other meds anticoagulants, salicylates,- has antiplatelet effects probenedic and methotrexate
51
MOA of attapulgite
absorbs 8x its weight in water - absorption not selective ex.toxins, drugs reduces number of BM, relieves cramps, improve stool consistency
52
age resriction of attapulgite
over 3-6
53
side effects of attapulgite
mild constipation dyspepsia flatulence nausea
54
onset of attapulgite
12-19.5 hours
55
drug interactions with attapulgite
no known drug interactions | wait 2-3 hours of other drugs
56
fibre MOA
adjusts the consistency of stool by absorbing water in the intestinal tract
57
side effects of fibre
cramping | flatulence
58
onset for fibre
12-24 hours | peak in 2-3 days
59
monitoring for acute diarrhea
signs and symptoms of dehydration such as dry mouth, thirst doesnt resolve in 48 hours, worsens, high fever, blood/mucus in stool - refer should see improvement in 1-2 days
60
definition of travellers diarrhea
3 or more loose unformed stools per day along with one symptom of enteric infection (fever, ab cramps, nausea, fecal urgency or dysentery)
61
mild categorization of travellers diarrhea
mild: 1/2 unformed stools in 24 hours with no other symptoms
62
moderate categorization of diarrhea
1/2 unfromed stools in 24 hours with one of the other symptoms or more than 2 unformed in 24 hours with no other symptoms
63
classic categorization of travellers diarrhea
3 or more unformed stools in 24 hours with at least one other symptoms
64
types of traveller bacteria
ecoli clostridium shigella salmonella
65
is travellers diarrhea contagious | hows it spread
no | fecal-oral
66
risk factors for developing TD or complications
``` region has poor hygiene/sanitation remote area with no medical amenities reduced stomach acidity children or young adults are more advernturous elderly or frail immunocomprmised IBD severe cardiac or renal disease ```
67
who is at high risk of TD and should be referred for prescription prophylaxis
high risk areas where its critical not to fall ill underlying health problems that make them more susceptible to TD or complication taking PPIs, h2blockers, or antacids repeated history of severe TD if dehydration could cause sever complications underlying disease -immunocompromised
68
non pharms for TD
``` boil it cook it peel it or forget it purified or hot water to brush teeth drink water from sealed bottle avoid consuming water while swimming wash hands before and after eating eat fully cooked food thats hot when served ice from purified water carbonated drinks safe avoid food from street vendors avoid unpasteurized dairy products ```

Clinical part B (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions