Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Med III Exam I > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

What is diarrhea a reflection of?

A

impaired water absorption or increase water secretion by the bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of diarrhea

A

enterotoxic and invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is diarrhea considered acute? What is most likely the cause?

A

14 days or less, likely infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is diarrhea considered persistent/subacute? What is most likely the cause?

A

more than 14 days but less than 30 days, most likely to be inflammatory or infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is diarrhea considered chronic? What are the three types?

A

longer than 30 days

osmotic, secretory and inflammatory vs non inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common type of diarrhea

A

infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three causes of acute infectious diarrhea? examples of each

A

viruses- norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus

bacteria- salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, E coli, C diff

protozoa- cryptosporidium, giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Out of the three causes of acute infectious diarrhea which is most common?

A

viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When should a patient with diarrhea get a full work up or evaluation

A
  • persistent fever
  • bloody diarrhea
  • severe abdominal pain
  • sx of volume depletion
  • hx of IBD
  • poss of a widespread food borne outbreak
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What symptoms are associated with diarrhea from the small bowel

A
  • large volumes of watery diarrhea
  • abdominal cramping
  • bloating
  • gas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What symptoms are associated with diarrhea from the large bowel

A
  • frequent, regular
  • small volumes
  • painful BM
  • fever
  • bloody or mucoid stool
  • inflammatory and RBCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does enterotoxic infection cause diarrhea

A

infectious agent created a toxin that floats around in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does invasive infection cause diarrhea

A

the infectious agents breaks through the blood/gut barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the signs of enterotoxic infectious diarrhea

A

large amounts of watery diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signs of invasive infections diarrhea

A

fever, leukocytosis, fecal leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bacteria that infects the small bowel

A
  • salmonella
  • E coli
  • C perfringes
  • S aureus
  • vibrio cholerae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacteria that infects the colon

A
  • campylobacter
  • shigella
  • C diff
  • yersinia
  • enteroinvasive e coli
  • klebsiella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Viruses that infect the small bowel

A

rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Viruses that infect the colon

A

cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Protozoa that infects the small bowl

A
  • cryptosporidium
  • microsporidium
  • giardia
  • cytoisospros
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If diarrhea starts withing 6 hours of food ingestion what are the suspected pathogens

A

staph aureus or bacillus cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If diarrhea starts within 8-16 hours of food ingestion what is the suspected pathogen

A

clostridium perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the diarrhea starts more than 16 hours after food ingestion what are the suspected pathogens

A

other bacterial or viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IF the major presenting sx is vomiting what are the most common pathogens

A
  • s aureus
  • b cereus
  • norwalk like virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
If the major presenting sx is watery diarrhea what are the most common pathogens
- C perfringens - enterotoxigenic e coli - enteric viruses - C parvum - C cayentanensis
26
If the major presentation is inflammatory diarrhea what are the most common pathogens
- campylobacter - non typhoidal salmonella - shigella
27
When should stool cultures be done
- profuse watery diarrhea with signs of hypovolemia - concern for inflammatory diarrhea - high risk host
28
What are some high risk host features
- older than 70 - DM - CV disease - IBD - pregnant - immunocompromised
29
What is the pharmacologic management of diarrhea
- anti motility drugs - anxiolytics and antiemetics - zinc supplementation - probiotics
30
When do sx begin to develop w/ norovirus
12-48 hours after exposure
31
Presentation of norovirus
acute onset N/V, watery diarrhea with abdominal cramps
32
How is norovirus transmitted
- close personal contact with infected people - fecal oral with contaminated food - touching contaminated surfaces
33
What is the most common complication of norovirus
dehydration
34
What do the toxins produced by C diff cause
severe watery diarrhea, pseudomembraneous colitis, toxic megacolon
35
What is a common cause of C diff
abx treatment
36
What are the most common abx that cause C diff
- fluoroquinolones - cephalosporins - penicillin
37
When should C diff infection be suspected
in a patient with diarrhea or ileus in the setting of relevant risk factors (age, recent hospitilization, abx)
38
How do you diagnose C diff
stool culture
39
Is C diff a normal bacteria in the intestine
YES, but when it grows out of control it releases the toxins that damage the lining of the intestine
40
How do you treat C diff
metro or PO vanco
41
What are the two campylobacter species that cause human infection
C jejuni and C coli
42
What is the incubation period for campylobacter
3 days
43
What is the presentation of campylobacter infection
abrupt onset of abdominal pain and bloody/mucoid diarrhea associated w/ a prodrome of fever, chills and aches
44
What does campylobacter often mimic
appendicitis
45
How do you diagnose campylobacter infection
stool culture
46
How do you treat campylobacter infection in a healthy patient? In immunocompromised?
Healthy- supportive (IVF,antiemetics) Immunocompromised- abx (fluoroquinolones or azithro)
47
What causes salmonella
ingestion of poultry, milk products or eggs
48
What are the cardinal features of salmonella
- N/V - diarrhea (pea soup, not grossly bloody) - abdominal cramping - fever with chills
49
What is the relation between the bacteria burden and the severity of sx
the higher the burden the worse the sx
50
How do you diagnose salmonella
stool culture
51
Treatment of salmonella
supportive (IVF, electrolyte replacement
52
What does long term carriage mean?
someone can still spread salmonella for more than 1 yeat after infection
53
What are the symptoms of e coli
abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea NO FEVER
54
What is hemolytic-uremic syndrome
triad of acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia
55
Why should you not give patients abx if they have e coli
high risk of HUS
56
Where does shigella multiple
in the small bowel
57
How is shigella transmitted
direct person to person contact and by contaminated food and water
58
How is shigella transmitted in developed countries
fecal oral
59
How does shigella present
high fever, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus
60
How do you diagnose shigella
stool culture
61
How do you treat shigella
IVF, electrolyte repletion caution w/ abx, risk of HUS
62
What populations are at high risk for intestinal entomoeba
institutional patients and males having sex with males
63
What are the two phases that the intestinal entomoeba exists in
- cyst stage (infective form) | - trophozoite (invasive disease)
64
How is intestinal entomoeba transmitted
ingestion of amebic cysts via contaminated food or water-->cysts pass through the stomach and release trophozoites-->trophozoites invade and penetrate the mucous barrier of the colon
65
What is the onset of intestinal entomoeba
1-3 weeks
66
What is the presentation of intestinal entomoeba
range from mild diarrhea to evere dysentary, abd pain, weight loss, fever
67
What are some complications of intestinal entomoeba
fulminant colitis with bowel necrosis--->perforation and peritonitis
68
What is the treatment for intestinal entomoeba
- flagyl - tinidazole - ornidazole
69
What is the most common parasitic cause of acute foodborne diarrhea in the US
crytosporidium
70
How do you treat crytosporidium
nitazoxanide
71
How is crytosporidium transmitted
spread from infected human or animal--> host ingests cyst-->gets absorbed in the body-->cyst excreted
72
Presenting sx of giardia
watery, yellow, foul smelling diarrhea with alternating soft greasy stool
73
Where are giardia outbreaks common
- day care centers | - hx of camping
74
How do you treat giardia
- flagyl - tinidazole - nitazoxanide
75
What is travelers diarrhea
diarrhea that develops withing 10 days of returning from travel
76
What is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea
e coli (not hemorrhagic strain)
77
What is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea in southeast asia
campylobacter
78
What is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea in Jamacia and in kiddos
rotavirus
79
What is the treatment for travelers diarrhea
flurorquinolones
80
How does travelers diarrhea present
malaise, anorexia, abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea
81
When should a foodborne illness be considered
when a patient presents with diarrhea and N/V
82
What is irritable bowel syndrome
chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in absence of any organic cause

Clin Med III Exam I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions