Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Antibiotic therapy > Diarrhoea > Flashcards

Diarrhoea Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Describe campylobacter

A

Curved gram negative bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the commonest cause of bacterial GI infection

A

Campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the incubation period of campylobacter

A

3-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the mechanism of campylobacter

A

Inflammation of the colon and rectum causing bloody diarrhoea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can campylobacter infect the blood stream

A

Yes (occasionally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the vehicle of campylobacter?

A

Farm animals especially undercooked poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the management of campylobacter?

A

Usually self limiting- if systemic effects occur offer citrofloxacin or erythromycin for 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of Salmonella Enterica?

A

Causes inflammation of the ileum and colon. The bacteria multiply in the gut causing mucosal damage. This means there is decreased absorption and increased fluid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can salmonella enterica invade the blood steam?

A

Yes (occasionally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of campylobacter

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhoea (could be with or without blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the incubation period of salmonella enterica?

A

12-48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the vehicle for salmonella infection?

A

Farm animals especially undercooked poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of salmonella enterica

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhoea (occasionally bloody), vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of salmonella enterica

A

Generally self limiting

Systemic- use ciprafloxacin for 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the only species of Shigella spp seen in the UK?

A

Shigella sonnei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanism of shigella

A

Invades intestinal mucosa causing severe inflammation but does not invade further.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What would be seen in stools of a person with shigella?

A

Blood and pus cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the incubation period of shigella?

A

1-9 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is shigella spread?

A

Human contact- common amongst young children at school.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Management of shigella

A

Self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is Escherichia Coli O157 called ‘O157’?

A

O antigen on the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does E.coli do to the body?

A

They produce a toxin (verotoxin or VTEC) that damages red blood cells and the kidney. There is an increase in blood urea, red cell haemolysis and thrombocytopenia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who are most effected by E coli?

A

The elderly and young children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symptoms of E.coli?

A

Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Vehicle of E.coli
Part of the normal gut flora of cattle. | There is an increased risk when eating meat or visiting farms
26
Management of E.coli
Symptomatic and supportive treatment- antibiotics are contraindicated.
27
What makes E.coli so high in prevalence?
It has a low infectious dose.
28
What is haemolytic uraemic syndrome?
Associated with progressive renal failure and red blood cell lysis (prematurely)
29
Symptoms of haemolytic uraemic syndrome
``` Abdominal pain Fever Pallor Petechiae (haemorrhaged skin) Oliguria Bloody diarrhoea ```
30
When will HUS present?
7-10 days after an E-coli infection.
31
What will HUS blood tests show?
Increased WCC Decreased platelets Decreased Hb Increased lactate dehydrogenase
32
What is typhoid/paratyphoid fever caused by?
Caused by salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi A or B
33
What is the incubation period for typhoid/paratyphoid fever?
14-21 days
34
What is the mechanism of typhoid/paratyphoid fever
Organism invades from the gut lumen. Goes into the lymphatic system, back into the blood stream and into the Peyers patches in the gut.
35
Management of typhoid/paratyphoid
antibiotics
36
Which organism causes cholera?
Vibrio cholera
37
Where is cholera likely to present
Outbreaks present in recent disaster zones
38
Describe the mechanism of cholera
Causes outputting of fluid from cells in the gut due to an exotoxin.
39
Symptoms of cholera?
Watery, constant diarrhoea. Rice water stools
40
Vehicle of cholera
Human
41
Management of cholera
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
42
Describe the mechanism of staph aureus
Some strains produce enterotoxins. Toxin is absorbed quickly which affects the vagus nerve and vomiting centre.
43
Symptoms of staph aureus
Vomiting within 1-2 hours
44
Describe the mechanism of clostridium perfingens
Belongs in the normal gut flora of humans and animals. Some spores survive cooking then turn into vegetative organisms. Also some strains produce enterotoxins
45
How can you be infected by clostridium perfingens
Inadequately refrigerated meat gravy
46
Describe the mechanism of bacillus cereus.
Can muiltiply in the intestine producing a toxin that is absorbed by the gut.
47
How can you be infected by bacillus cereus
Inadequately cooked re-heated rice.
48
Describe the mechanism of a protozoal infection.
Cysts are ingested. They hatch into trophozoites that invade the cells in the small intestine.
49
Source of protozoal infection
Domestic animals. Person-person Swimming pools Contaminated water.
50
Symptoms of protozoal infection
Diarrhoea
51
Treatment of protozoal infection
Symptomatic treatment
52
Describe the mechanism of giardia lamblia
``` Protozoal infection (single celled parasite) Cysts hatch into trophozoites ```
53
How is giardia lamblia spread?
Human to human
54
What are the symptoms of giardia lamblia
Diarrhoea, malabsorption syndrome, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence
55
Treatment of giardia lamblia
Oral metronidazole
56
Mechanism of enterobius vermicularis (threadworms)
Ova ingested Hatch in the small intestine and live in the caecum and colon. Adult females come out of the perianal skin at nigt to lay ova causing perianal itchiness.
57
How are threadworms spread?
Human to human
58
Symptoms of threadworms
Perianal itch | Worms in stool
59
Treatment of threadworms
Oral metronidazole
60
How is norovirus spread?
Faecal oral- common on cruise ships
61
Symptoms of norovirus?
Abrupt vomiting, nausea, myalgia, cramps
62
Incubation period of norovirus
24-48 hours
63
Investigations into norovirus
PCR
64
Treatment of norovirus
Self limiting

Antibiotic therapy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions