Diarrhoea Flashcards
(44 cards)
what is GASTROENTERITIS?
infectious diarrhoea
what is the most common cause of GASTROENTERITIS?
E.coli
what is E.coli?
gram negative rod shaped bacterium
number of watery stools for GASTROENTERITIS?
at least 3 loose to watery stools within 24 hours.
symptoms other than diarrhoea in GASTROENTERITIS?
- abdo cramps
- vomiting
- nausea
- fever
- blood in stools
name 3 bacteria responsible for food poisoning induced gastroenteritis;
- STAPH AEURUS
- BACILLUSCEREUS
- CLOSTRIDIUM PEFRINGEN’S
what is the treatment for gastroenteritis (include reasoning for all)
1) LOPERIMIDE - for diarrhoea
2) AMITRIPTYLINE - for abdo pain
3) FODMAP DIET
4) PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
what is the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due ot E.coli?
common amongst travellers, watery stools, abdominal cramps + nausea
what is the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due to Giardiasis?
prolonged, non bloody diarrhoea
What ie the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due to Cholera?
profuse watery diarrhoea, severe dehydration causing weight loss, uncommon amongst travellers.
what is the typical presentation of gastroenteritis due t o Shigella?
bloody diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain
List the 6 Red flag GI symptoms that indicate the need for urgent referral to secondary care, for further investigations.
- Anaemia
- Unintentional weight loss
- Abdominal/rectal mass
- Raised; CRP/ESR/Faecal calprotecin
- Fhx colorectal cancer
- Rectal bleeding
When is it indicated, and how to rule out ovarian cancer?
Female > 50 years old w/ persistent bloating.
Ca125 + USS of ovaries.
Name 3 anticholinergics used in the management of IBS to reduce muscular spasm (antispasmodics).
ANTICHOLINGERGICS
- Dicycloverine
- Hyoscine
- Propantheline
Name 3 anti smooth muscle drugs used in management of IBS.
- Mebeverine
- Alverine
- Peppermint
How does Mebeverine work?
Drug for IBS management; works by relaxing the muscles in and around the gut.
How does Dicycloverine work?
Anticholingeric drug that
i) has an antimuscarinic effect at Ach receptors
ii) direct effect upon smooth muscle
Name 3 anti diarrhoeals.
1) LOPERIMIDE
2) CODEINE PHOSPHATE
3) DIPHENOXYLATE
Name an anti-diarrhoeal with 1st pass metabolism?
LOPERIMIDE
What are the 3 category types of laxatives?
Osmotics, Stimulants and Softeners
what type of laxative is Docusate?
Softener
Senna, Bisacodyl and Sodium Picosulphate are what types of laxatives ?
Stimulants
Magnesium salts, Lactulose and Polyethylene glycol are what type of laxatives?
Osmotics
Which antidepressants are used for DIARRHOEA predominant IBS?
low dose TCA
