Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiology and Respiratory SA Med > Diastolic Dysfunction - Hypertension > Flashcards

Diastolic Dysfunction - Hypertension Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are primary causes of diastolic dysfunction?

A
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Secondary causes of diastolic dysfunction

A
  • Pressure overload diseases

- Pericardial diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the categories of pressure overload diseases?

A

Hypertension and stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are categories of diseases causing hypertension?

A
  • Pulmonic vs systemic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are categories of diseases causing stenosis?

A
  • usually congenital

- Either pulmonic stenosis or aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of hypertrophy occurs with diastolic dysfunction or pressure overload?

A
  • Concentric hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if BP is too low?

A
  • Not enough vascular tone to perfuse brain and kidneys

- Badness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens if blood pressure is too high

A
  • Impact on capillary beds
  • Capillary beds are very thin walled
  • If they are high pressure, they will rupture
  • Heart is also unhappy with this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of systemic hypertension?

A
  • Systolic BP > 160 mmHg
  • persistent elevation
  • Can be elevated with stress, but even so shouldn’t be higher than 180 mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnosing systemic hypertension

A
  • Measure BP

- Doppler ideally over oscillometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where to measure blood pressure?

A
  • Front limb, hind limb, or tail

- You just need to be consistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can happen is cuff size is too big?

A
  • Decrease your blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can happen if cuff size is too small?

A
  • Artificially increase your blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of primary systemic hypertension

A
  • never been reported
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of secondary systemic hypertension

A
  • Renal disease
  • Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s)
  • Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Medications
  • Acromegaly
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Hyperaldosteronism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who gets systemic hypertension: age?

A
  • Older animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What diseases do only cats generally get that can lead to systemic hypertension?

A
  • Hyperthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What diseases do only dogs generally get that can lead to systemic hypertension?

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperadrenocorticism
  • Pheochromocytoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What diseases can either dogs or cats generally get that can lead to systemic hypertension?

A
  • Renal disease
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Acromegaly
  • medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which diseases can directly lead to concentric hypertrophy based on direct effect on the heart?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Acromegaly
21
Q

What target organs must you worry about with systemic hypertension?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Kidneys
  • Brain
  • Eye
  • Heart
22
Q

What can happen to the brain with systemic hypertension?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hypertensive encephalopathy
  • Hemorrhage into the brain
  • Seizures
  • Ataxia
  • Stupor
  • Blindness
23
Q

What can happen to the eyes with systemic hypertension?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Hypertensive retinopathy or hypertensive choroidopathy or hypertensive optic neuropathy
  • More often with cats
24
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy findings on fundic exam

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vascular distension and tortuosity

- Retinal hemorrhage

25
Hypertensive choroidopathy findings on fundic exam?
- Focal necrosis and hypopigmentation - Retinal detachment - Fat retinal arteries due to dilation
26
Hypertensive optic neuropathy findings on fundic exam
- Optic nerve ischemia (no retinal vessels) - Edema - Atrophy
27
What should you do if an animal suddenly becomes blind?
- Check a blood pressure
28
What can happen with concentric hypertrophy of the LV?
- Blood supply to the heart changes - Epicardial surfaces are supplied with coronary artery, but as the heart thickens inward, your blood supply does not change - HIGH RISK FOR ISCHEMIC INJURY
29
What does systemic hypertension do to the heart?
- Causes concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle | - Morphologically will look like an HCM like heart
30
What leads to the other: heart disease and systemic hypertension?
- Systemic hypertension leads to secondary cardiac remodeling*** - Do not diagnose as HCM - Heart disease would generally lead to hypotension as it gets worse
31
Appearance of concentric hypertrophy on echocardiogram
- Very thick wall and small lumen
32
Kidney disease and systemic hypertension
- Increased glomerular pressure - Proteinuria, glomerular ischemia - Dysregulation of autoregulatory mechanisms - Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis - Kidney disease worsens!! - One of IRIS substages is with systemic hypertension
33
Geriatric screening should include what?
- CBC/Chem/UA/T4 | - BLOOD PRESSURE!
34
Treatment for systemic hypertension
- Treat underlying disease | - Give drugs to decrease Blood Pressure
35
Drugs for decreasing SVR?
- ACE inhibitors to block Ang II - Phenoxybenazamine to block alpha 2 - Amlodipine to block calcium channels - SEE CHART
36
Drugs to decrease heart rate
- Beta blockers | - Decrease contractility too
37
Drugs to decrease preload to decrease blood pressure
- Diuretics to decrease vascular volume
38
Amlodipine MOA
- Calcium channel blocker - Blocks L-type Calcium channel - Targets vessels directly
39
Who gets amlodipine?
- Cats with renal disease | - Decreases blood pressure
40
ACE inhibitors MOA
- Block ACE which converts Ang I to Ang II | - Ang II causes peripheral vasoconstriction and efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction
41
When to give ACE inhibitors?
- Kidney and glomerular disease | - Especially if proteinuria is present
42
Who gets beta-blockers?
- Hyperthyroid cats | - Not sotalol or amiodarone
43
Hyperthyroid effects on the heart
- Increased T3 --> increased beta-receptors on the heart | - This leads to tachycardia and concentric hypertrophy
44
Phenoxybenzamine MOA
- Alpha antagonist
45
Who gets phenoxybenzamine?
- Secretes norepinephrine, which binds to alpha 1 | - Alpha 1 leads to peripheral vasoconstriction and high blood pressures
46
PPA
- Urethral sphincter constricts | -
47
Diuretics for treatment of systemic hypertension
- Diuretics are not a first line drugs, especially with kidney disease
48
Goals of treatment for systemic hypertension
- Target BP: 100-160 mmHg - Ameliorate clinical signs (might be PU/PD) - Prevent progression to end-organ damage
49
Prognosis for systemic hypertension
- Underlying disease - Severity of hypertension - Severity of clinical signs

Cardiology and Respiratory SA Med (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions