Diencephalon

Question 1

What is papez circuit?

Answer 1

The Papez circuit, also known as the **limbic circuit”*, is a neural pathway in the brain. It’s associated with emotions and memory. The circuit includes structures like the hippocampus,
cingulate gyrus,
hypothalamus, and
anterior thalamic nuclei, forming a loop involved in emotional processing and memory formation.

Question 2

What is korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 2

Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), often as a result of chronic alcohol misuse or malnutrition. It’s characterized by profound memory loss, particularly of recent events, along with confabulation (fabricating or misinterpreting memories), difficulty learning new information, and problems with executive function. It’s commonly associated with Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which involves acute neurological symptoms like confusion, ataxia, and eye movement abnormalities. Korsakoff syndrome typically occurs after the acute phase of Wernicke’s encephalopathy resolves.

Question 3

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