Diencephalon and Cerebrum

Question 1

Nucleus of Darkschewitsch
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 1

Function:
- control of eye movements

Input:
- superior colliculus

Output:
- nuclei of eye muscles

Question 2

Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 2

Function:
- control of eye movements

Input:
- superior colliculus

Output:
- Nuclei of eye muscles

Question 3

Pretectal Area
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 3

Function:
- Pupillary light reflex pathway

Input:
- Retina (Ipsi & Contra)

Output:
- Ipsi. & contra. Edinger Westphal nucleus

Question 4

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

Answer 4

Function:
- hearing

Input:
- inferior colliculus via brachium

Output:
- auditory cortex

Question 5

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
- Level of Posterior Commissure
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 5

Function:
- Vision

Input:
- retina (ispi. & contra) via optic nerve, chiasm, tract

Output:
- ipsi. striate cortex

Question 6

Pulvinar Nucleus
- Level of Posterior commissure
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 6

Function:
- vision (attention)

Input:
- retina, striate cortex, superior colliculus

Output:
- extrastriate & striate cortex

Question 7

Posterior Commissure Tract
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 7

Function:
- pupillary light reflex

Input:
- pretectal area

Output:
- Edinger Westphal nucleus

Question 8

Medial Lemniscus Tract
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 8

Function:
- contra. tactile & proprioception

Input:
- contra. gracile & cuneate nucleus

Output:
- ipsi. VPL of thalamus

Question 9

Spinothalamic Tract
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 9

Function:
- contra. pain and temp

Input:
- contra. substantia gelatinosa or dorsal funicular gray

Output:
- Ipsi. VPL of thalamus

Question 10

Trigeminothalamic Tract
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 10

Function:
- tacticle & proprioception, pain & temp, face

Input:
- principal and spinal trigeminal nuclei

Output:
- VPM of Thalamus

Question 11

Optic Tract;
- Level of Posterior Commissure
- Level of Posterior Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 11

Function:
- Vision

Input:
- contra. nasal, ipsi. temporal retina

Output:
- LGN, Superior colliculus

Question 12

Brachium of Inferior Colliculus
- Level of Posterior Commissure

Answer 12

Function:
- hearing

Input:
- inferior colliculus

Output:
- Medial Geniculate

Question 13

Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of thalamus
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 13

Function:
- Somatosensory (body)

Input:
- ipsi. medial lemniscus & spinothalamic

Output:
- Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 14

Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) Nucleus of Thalamus
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 14

Function:
- Somatosensory (head)

Input;
- ipsi. trigeminothalamic tract

Output:
- Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 15

Centromedian
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 15

Function:
- Motor

Input:
- basal ganglia

Output:
- basal ganglia

Question 16

Red Nucleus
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 16

Function:
- contra. motor

Input:
- cerebral cortex and cerebellum

Output:
- rubrospinal tract

Question 17

Substantia Nigra
- Level of Posterior Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 17

Function:
- contra. motor

Input:
- basal ganglia

Output:
- basal ganglia

Question 18

Internal Capsule (corona radiata) Tract
- Level of Posterior Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 18

Function:
- motor, sensory

Input:
- thalamus

Output:
- cortex

Question 19

Cerebellorubrothalamic (Superior Cerebellar Peduncle)
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 19

Function:
- motor

Input:
- contra. deep nuclei of cerebellum

Output:
- Ipsi. red nucleus, VL thalamus

Question 20

Corpus Callosum Tract
- Level of Posterior Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

• Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 20

Function:
- vision

Input:
- striate cortex

Output:
- contra. striate cortex

**In Optic Chiasm Tract
Function:
- somatosensory, motor

Input:
- frontal lobe, parietal lobe

Output:
-frontal lobe, parietal lobe

Question 21

Fornix Tract
- Level of Posterior Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 21

Function:
- memory, emotions

Input:
- hippocampus

Output:
- hypothalamus (mammillary body)

Question 22

Optic Radiations
- Level of Posterior Thalamus

Answer 22

Function:
- Vision

Input:
- ipsi. LGN

Output:
- ipsi. striate cortex

Question 23

Anterior Nuclear Group of Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 23

Function:
- emotions (limbic)

Input:
- ipsi. mammillothalamic tract

Output:
- cingulate gyrus

Question 24

Ventral Lateral Nucleus of Thalamus
- Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 24

Function:
- motor relay

Input:
- cerebellum, basal ganglia

Output:
- motor cortex

Question 25

Posterior Hypothalamus - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 25

Function: - endocrine function, limbic, ANS Input: - CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) Output: - pituitary, brainstem

Question 26

Mamillary Bodies - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 26

Function: - limbic system such as emotions Input: - fornix Output: - mammillothalamic tract to anterior nuclear group of the thalamus

Question 27

Subthalamic Nucleus - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 27

Function: - motor control Input: - ipsi. basal ganglia Output: - ipsi. Basal ganglia

Question 28

Caudate, Putamen, Globus Pallidus - Level of Mammillary Bodies - Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 28

Function: - motor Input: - cerebral cortex Output: - ipsi. ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

Question 29

Amygdala - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 29

Function: - emotion Input: - olfactory areas, hypothalamus, cingulate Output: - hypothalamus, cingulate

Question 30

Hippocampus - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 30

Function: - Memory, emotion Input: - other cerebral cortex, hypothalamus Output: - hypothalamus via fornix

Question 31

Parahippocampal gyrus - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 31

Function: - olfactory, emotion Input: - olfactory bulb, hypothalamus Output: - hypothalamus

Question 32

Cingulate Gyrus - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 32

Function: - memory, emotion Input: - anterior nuclear group of the thalamus, hypothalamus Output: - other cerebral cortex, hypothalamus

Question 33

Mammillothalamic - Level of Mammillary Bodies

Answer 33

Function: - memory, emotion Input: - mamillary Output: - anterior nuclei group of the thalamus

Question 34

Hypothalamus Nuclei - Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 34

Function: - emotion Input: - hippocampus Output; - pituitary

Question 35

Septal Nuclei - Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 35

Function: - limbic, olfaction Input: - fornix Output: - hypothalamus

Question 36

Internal Capsule Tract - Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 36

Function: - Motor, sensory Input: - cortex Output: - cortex

Question 37

Optic Chiasm - Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 37

Function: - Vision Input: - divide chiasm, ipsi lateral retina for all 3 parts - outer chiasm - temp. retina ipsi - inner - nasal retina Output: - 2 outer - ipis. LGN - middle - contra. LGN

Question 38

Anterior Commissure - Level of Optic Chiasm

Answer 38

Function: - limbic structure, emotion or memory Input: - temporal lobes Output: - temporal lobes