Diesel Engine

Question 1

The most commonly used prime mover

Answer 1

Diesel Engine

Question 2

Available sizes of a Diesel Engine

Answer 2

Few to 10,000 hp

Question 3

Relatively speaking, Diesel Engines are?

Answer 3

Small, Inexpensive, Powerful, Fuel Efficient, and Extremely Reliable if maintained properly

Question 4

Modern Diesel engines came about as the result of?

Answer 4

Internal combustion principle by Sadi Carnot

Question 5

Who is the inventor of Diesel Engines?

Answer 5

Dr. Rudolf Diesel

Question 6

How do Diesel Engines operate?

Answer 6

The heat generated during the compression of the air-fuel charge caused ignition

Question 7

What is the first fuel used on Dr. Diesel’s engine?

Answer 7

Coal Dust

Question 8

What is the Compression pressure of the first Diesel engine?

Answer 8

1500 psi

Question 9

How did the Diesel engine almost kill its inventor?

Answer 9

By exploding

Question 10

What is the cause of the explosion of the first diesel engine?

Answer 10

Lack of cooling

Question 11

What did Dr. Diesel use to improve the engine’s design?

Answer 11

Used oil as a fuel, added cooling water jacket around the cylinder, and lowering its compression to 550 psi

Question 12

Production rights were sold to?

Answer 12

Adolphus Bush

Question 13

(T or F) Diesel engines are heavier than gasoline engines of equal horsepower rating

Answer 13

True

Question 14

How is the compression ratio measured?

Answer 14

By measuring how much the engine compresses the gasses in the engine’s cylinder

Question 15

What is the Compression ratio of a gasoline engine?

Answer 15

Less than 10:1

Question 16

What is the Compression ratio of an average gasoline engine car?

Answer 16

7:1

Question 17

What is the range of Compression ratio of a diesel engine?

Answer 17

14:1 to 24:1

Question 18

(T or F) Gasoline Engines are self-speed limiting

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How are Gasoline engine’s speed controlled?

Answer 19

By butterfly valve in a carburetor

Question 20

(T or F) Diesel Engines are self-speed limiting

Answer 20

F

Question 21

(T or F) The air entering the Diesel engine always its maximum amount

Answer 21

T

Question 22

(T or F) Diesel engines need speed limiters

Answer 22

T

Question 23

What is the speed limiter used in a Diesel engine?

Answer 23

Governor

Question 24

(T or F) Diesel engines need an ignition system

Answer 24

F

Question 25

It is a single unit of cast iron block that provides oil and coolant passages and supports other parts of the engine.

Answer 25

Cylinder Block

Question 26

This part is located at the bottom of the cylinder block and encloses the rotating crankshaft, counterweights, and directs returning oil into the oil pan.

Answer 26

Crankcase

Question 27

It collects and stores the engine's supply of oil.

Answer 27

Oil pan

Question 28

It provides the engine the cylindrical structure needed to confine the combustion gasses and guides the engine's pistons

Answer 28

Sleeve or Bore

Question 29

How many types of cylinders are used on a diesel engine?

Answer 29

Two types * Bored into the block (integral part) * Machined steel sleeve (pressed into the block)

Question 30

It is a type of sleeve that does not come in contact with a coolant.

Answer 30

Dry sleeve

Question 31

It is a type of sleeve that does come in contact with a coolant.

Answer 31

Wet sleeve

Question 32

It is the volume enclosed by the sleeve or bore

Answer 32

Combustion chamber

Question 33

It is the diameter of the cylinder

Answer 33

Bore

Question 34

It is a type of engine wherein all cylinders are in a row

Answer 34

In-line engine

Question 35

It is a type of engine wherein it is arranged in two rows and set at an angle to align the common crankshaft

Answer 35

V-type

Question 36

It is the group of cylinders making up one side

Answer 36

Bank of cylinders

Question 37

It is a component that transforms the energy of the expanding gasses into mechanical energy

Answer 37

Piston

Question 38

Pistons are commonly made out of?

Answer 38

Aluminum or Cast-iron alloy

Question 39

It is a component that prevents the combustion gases and oil from bypassing

Answer 39

Piston rings

Question 40

It is the coating used in piston rings

Answer 40

Chrome or molybdenum

Question 41

How many piston rings do most Diesel engines have?

Answer 41

2 to 5

Question 42

It is the ring that acts as a pressure seal

Answer 42

Top ring

Question 43

It is the ring that acts as a wiper ring

Answer 43

Intermediate ring

Question 44

It is the ring that acts as an oiler ring

Answer 44

Bottom ring

Question 45

It is the part that connects the piston and crankshaft

Answer 45

Connecting rod

Question 46

Connecting rods are made out of what material?

Answer 46

Drop-forged, heat treated steel

Question 47

( T or F) Some diesel engine's connecting rods have drilled down to the center to allow oil to travel from the crankshaft to the piston and piston pin

Answer 47

T

Question 48

It transforms the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion that's transmitted to the load.

Answer 48

Crankshaft

Question 49

The crankshaft rod bearing is _______ from the center of the crankshaft enabling it to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft.

Answer 49

Offset/Eccentric

Question 50

The crankshaft does not ride directly on the engine block but on a?

Answer 50

Special bearing material

Question 51

The connecting rods also have _______ inserted between the crankshaft and connecting rods

Answer 51

Bearings

Question 52

The crankshaft is drilled with ______ _______ to allow the engine to feed oil to the components

Answer 52

Oil passages

Question 53

This is a component of a crankshaft that balances the weight of the connecting rods ensuring even force is applied during the rotation.

Answer 53

Counterweights

Question 54

Three purposes of a flywheel

Answer 54

1st Reduces vibration by smoothing out the power stroke 2nd Mounting surface used to bolt the engine up to its load 3rd Allows the starting motor to engage and crank the engine

Question 55

Functions of a cylinder head

Answer 55

1st Provides seal for the cylinder bore 2nd provide the structure holding the exhaust valves, fuel injector, and necessary linkages

Question 56

Cylinder heads are manufactured in two ways, what are those?

Answer 56

1st bolted to the block 2nd cast as one piece

Question 57

This part is mechanically opened or closed to admit or exhaust gas as needed.

Answer 57

Valves

Question 58

It is a long bar with an egg-shaped eccentric lobe, one lobe for each valve and fuel injector

Answer 58

Camshaft

Question 59

It is forced upside down as it follows the profile of the cam lobe

Answer 59

Follower

Question 60

It is the linkages used to connect the valves and fuel injectors

Answer 60

Pushrods or rocker arms

Question 61

It is applied to allow thermal expansion to happen in the rocker arm and valve

Answer 61

Valve lash

Question 62

It is a series of gears which allows the camshaft to be driven by the crankshaft

Answer 62

Idle gears or timing gears

Question 63

It compresses the incoming fresh air for delivery to the cylinders for combustion

Answer 63

Blower

Question 64

Five supporting systems for a Diesel engine to operate

Answer 64

Cooling Lubrication Fuel injection Air intake Air exhaust

Question 65

It is a support system to transfer waste heat out of the block and internals

Answer 65

Engine cooling system

Question 66

This support system lets the parts to have a thin film of oil riding on it to reduce friction

Answer 66

Engine Lubrication

Question 67

Two purposes of oil

Answer 67

Lubrication and cooling

Question 68

It maintains oil pressure in the galleries and returns oil to the oil pan upon high pressure

Answer 68

Pressure relief valve

Question 69

(T or F) In medium to large diesel engines the oil is also cooled before being distributed to the block

Answer 69

T

Question 70

(T or F) The fuel system must deliver dirty fuel to the combustion chamber

Answer 70

F

Question 71

Two purposes of fuel

Answer 71

Fuel for combustion Cooling of the injectors

Question 72

(T or F) The air entering the engine must be clean, full of debris, and cool

Answer 72

F

Question 73

Types of Air filter

Answer 73

Wet - has a bath of oil Dry - Made or paper, cloth, or metal screen

Question 74

Why is the engine designed to intake cool air?

Answer 74

Cool air is more dense than hot air, it provides more oxygen per cylinder charge compared to hot air which has less dense air

Question 75

Two functions of compressed air

Answer 75

1st increases the engine's available power 2nd increase intake pressure

Question 76

Types of Air Intake Systems

Answer 76

Turbocharging Supercharging

Question 77

Three functions of exhaust system of a diesel engine

Answer 77

1st Routes the spent combustion gases away from the engine 2nd Confines and routes the gasses to the turbocharger, if available 3rd Exhaust systems allows mufflers to be used to reduce engine noise

Question 78

How much travel is between TDC and BDC, or equal to a one stroke

Answer 78

180 degrees

Question 79

It is the total volume displaced by all the pistons during one stroke

Answer 79

Engine Displacement

Question 80

It refers to the order in which each of the cylinder in a multi-cylinder engine fires

Answer 80

Firing Order

Question 81

It is the volume remaining in the cylinder when the piston is at TDC

Answer 81

Clearance volume

Question 82

How is the clearance volume calculated while having an irregular-shaped combustion chamber?

Answer 82

By filling it with a measured amount of fluid

Question 83

Formula of Compression Ratio

Answer 83

Compression Ratio = (Displacement volume + Clearance volume) / Clearance volume

Question 84

It is the power transmitted to the piston by the gas in the cylinders

Answer 84

Indicated Horsepower

Question 85

Refers to the usable power delivered by the engine to the crankshaft

Answer 85

Brake Horsepower

Question 86

It is the ratio of an engine's brake horsepower to the indicated horsepower

Answer 86

Mechanical Efficiency

Question 87

It is the measure of the engine's ability to apply the power it is generating

Answer 87

Torque