Diet and energy Flashcards
(22 cards)
Why do organisms need energy
For metabolic processes, growth , movement
What is energy budget
Amount of energy in and used up /
amount of energy taken in - energy transferred
What does energy imbalances affect
Weight of a person
How does weight gain occur
When energy intake is higher than energy output so excess energy will turn into fat reserves and if this is sustained lead to overweight and become obese
How does weight loss occur
If energy intake is lower than energy output body will turn fat reserves into energy if sustained over period of time underweight
What is the chemical name of Vitamin C and relate it to OILRIG
Ascorbic acid, reducing agent hence easily oxidised
What is the chemical to test for Vitamin C
DCPIP - blue dye turns colourless
Describe the experiment to find out Vitamin C content
Get a hold of six different concentrations of Vitamin C
Using a measuring cylinder measure a set volume of DCPIP
add Vitamin C into DCPIP using pipette
Gently shake for set time after each drop and time using a stopwatch
when colourless record volume of Vitamin c drops
Repeat for average and repeat w different solutions
What should you do after you have your data
plot a graph with showing volume against concentration and draw a curve of best fit - calibration curve
Why is daphnia used
transparent, organs can be viewed using light microscope. count beats making dots on paper
don’t feel pain less sophisticated nervous system
how is diet a factor for CVD
diet saturated in fat increases blood cholesterol levels and increases atheroma formation hence thrombosis
diet high in salt increases blood pressure
how is high blood pressure a factor for CVD
increase damage to endothelium lining on artery walls, increasing atheroma formation and thrombosis
how is smoking a factor for CVD
Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin and reduces oxygen capacity which decreases respiration in brain cells and heart leading to stroke or heart attack
nicotine cause thrombosis and narrowing of blood vessels
decrease antioxidants which increases risk of damage to arteries leading to atheroma and thrombosis
medication for CVD
Antihypertensives
Statins
Anticoagulants
Platelet inhibitors
how do antihypertensive work
lowering blood pressure this reduces the risk of arterial endothelial damage and therefore reduces the risk of atheromas and thrombosis
headaches and drowsiness
what are the three types of antihypertensives
Beta blockers, vasodilators and diuretics
what is a beta blocker
prevent increases in heart rate block response of heart to hormones may increase of diabetes
what are diuertics
increase volume of urine, lowering blood volume and pressure. Dizziness
what are vasodilators
increase diameters of blood vessels.
what are anticoagulants
reduce blood clots need to be carefully used or result in excessive bleeding reduce size of already formed ones
fainting swelling of tissues
fainting and swelling of tissues
what are statins
reduce LDL cholesterol reduce risk of atheroma
increase HDL which aids with removal of LDL
take too long to be effective
muscle joint pain
what are platelet inhibitors
reduce formation of blood clots and atheroma formation such as Aspirin.
can cause excessive bleeding
They prevent the clumping together of platelets, so preventing the formation of blood clots
