Dietary Advice

Question 1

what are the three important factors in caries control

Answer 1

plaque control
use of fluoride
dietary modification

Question 2

what are the factors that place a patient at high risk for caries development

Answer 2

high sugar intake
inadequate brushing habits
no fluoride exposure
irregular dental attendence
medically compromised
xerostomia

Question 3

what are investigations required for patients with caries

Answer 3

their diet
investigation of fluoride intake
medical history
oral hygiene practices
bitewing radiographs

Question 4

what the dietary factors associated with caries incidence

Answer 4

amonut of fermentable carbohydrate eaten
sugar concentration of food
physical form of carbohydrate
oral retentiveness
frequency of mealtimes and snacks
length of interval between eating
sequence of food consumption

Question 5

what did the vipeholm study conclude

Answer 5

the consumption of sugary foods is associated with higher caries incidence
increasing the frequency of sugar intake also increases caries incidence
lowering sugar intake reduces caries incidence
consumption of sticky sugar containing products between meals can be associated with a higher caries risk

Question 6

what is the turku study

Answer 6

a longitudinal study to evaluate the caries incidence as affected by partial substitution of dietary sucrose with xylitol
the results showed a profound difference in caries rate between the two groups

Question 7

what did the findings of the turku study find

Answer 7

there is a therapeutic, caries inhibitory effect of xylitol

Question 8

what is the stephan curve

Answer 8

a graph that shows what happens after the consumption of sugar in relation to dental caries

Question 9

what did the stephan curve find

Answer 9

when sugar enters the mouth, within 1-2 minutes the plaque pH falls to levels which favour demineralisation and acid production
after the sugar intake, demineralisation of the tooth surface takes place due to the drop in pH as the bacteria in the mouth convert the sugar to acid

Question 10

what are the four carbohydrates that cause caries

Answer 10

sucrose
frucrose
glucose
maltose

Question 11

why is it bad to consume sugary drinks immediately before bed

Answer 11

salivary flow is reduced during sleep and therefore the clearance time is greater

Question 12

what should be included in a diet record

Answer 12

all the foods and drinks consumed, the amount and the time of eating or drinking

Question 13

describe the steps to diet analysis

Answer 13

number of sugar exposures should be counted and discussed with the patient
consistency of the food becuase dry and sticky foods have a longer clearance time
sugary drinks taken immediately before bed
ring the main meals and underline all sugar intakes as well as acidic drinks in red
identify in between meal snacks and note any associations

Question 14

what are the three features that dietary advice must follow

Answer 14

be acceptable
be practical
be affordable

Question 15

what is dental erosion

Answer 15

the loss of tooth surface by a chemical process that does not involve bacterial action

Question 16

what causes dental erosion

Answer 16

chronic exposure of dental hard tissues to acidic substances which can be extrinsic or intrinsic

Question 17

what is extrinsic erosion

Answer 17

caused by acid originating outside of the body
acid strength is 2.5 or weaker

Question 18

what is intrinsic erosion

Answer 18

due to stomach acid reaching the teeth, pH of 1

Question 19

what is titrable acidity

Answer 19

number of hydrogen ions available for erosive attach rather than pH

Question 20

what is the first stage for dietary management

Answer 20

identify the frequency of acidic intake and assess how it is consumed

Question 21

describe the pattern of tooth erosion in nursing caries eg the teeth most likely to erode with children that chronically drink milk

Answer 21

teeth become carious in the order they erupt, with the exception of primary incisors, which are protected by two major mechaniss

Question 22

what mechanisms protect the lower primary incisors from caries

Answer 22

position of the submandibular ducts that open adjacent to these teeth
position of the tongue in suckling, which covers the lower incisors

Question 23

what factors make upper primary incisors in children more predisposed to caries

Answer 23

high bow shaped upper lip in infants does not cover the upper incisors, leading to increased evaporation of saliva on these teeth
gravity related to where saliva is
liquid with sugar washes over these teeth

Question 24

what is the advice about night time feeding of young children

Answer 24

only water should be given during the night after 12 months of age