Dietary diseases

Question 1

What is obesity?

Answer 1

When someone becomes so overweight that the extra weight is a danger to their health

Question 2

How obesity effect health?

Answer 2

Increase risk of high blood pressure and diabetes which can can both increase the risk of coronary heart disease
Also increase risk of:
- strokes
- heart disease
- developing type 2 diabetes
- some types of cancer
strain on joints which may result in arthritis

Question 3

What is high blood pressure and what causes it?

Answer 3

Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in your arteries which are tubes that carry your blood from your heart to your brain and the rest of the body
High blood pressure is usually caused by arteries becoming narrow due to cholesterol building up in artery walls or too much salt which makes the heart work harder work to pump blood around the body

Question 4

How does HBP affect health?

Answer 4

Puts a strain on heart which can lead to heart disease

Cause small arteries in the brain to burst leading to stroke

Question 5

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 5

Occurs when arteries that carry blood from the heart becomes narrowed with gradual build up of cholesterol

Question 6

How does CHD effect health?

Answer 6

Narrowed arteries may struggle to deliver enough oxygen rich blood to the heart which can lead to angina as the heart is starved of oxygen
If a piece of cholesterol breaks off it may cause a blood clot to form and block the arteries
If the blockage is close to the heart it may cause a heart attack
If the blockage is close to the brain it may cause a stroke

Question 7

High sugar intake

Answer 7

Obesity - which can cause type 2 diabetes , HBP and CHD

Question 8

High total or saturated fat intake

Answer 8

Obesity, HBP and CHD

It can cause level of cholesterol in blood to rise

Question 9

Too few polyunsaturated fats

Answer 9

CHD
Polyunsaturated fats reduce the risk of blood clots forming lowering risk of heart attack
Omega 3 prevents cholesterol building up in blood so reduces CHD

Question 10

High salt intake

Answer 10

HBP and CHD

Salt can raise blood pressure

Question 11

Diet low in fibre

Answer 11

Obesity, HBP and CHD

less likely to snack on fatty foods

Question 12

Lack of fruit and veg

Answer 12

CHD
F+V are good source of antioxidant vitamins
ACE vitamins slow down rate at which LDL cholesterol is deposited on the artery walls so prevents CHD

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

Obesity, HBP and CHD
High in calories which can contribute to obesity
Can cause HBP

Question 14

Lack of regular excerise

Answer 14

Obesity, HBP and CHD

Regular exercise prevents obesity and lowers blood cholesterol which can lower risk of CHD

Question 15

Smoking

Answer 15

HBP and CHD
Causes blood to thicken and increase risk of blood clots
Nicotine causes heart to work faster
Oxygen in blood reduced so heart has to work harder causing HBP

Question 16

Family History

Answer 16

Obesity, HBP and CHD
A family history of said disease can increase the risk of developing these conditions
Some families may inherit poor eating habits in childhood that are often carried into adulthood

Question 17

Family income

Answer 17

Obesity, HBP and CHD

Lack of money may result in a diet high in fat, sugar and salt as foods with them are cheaper

Question 18

Age

Answer 18

Obesity, HBP and CHD

Older people may be less active and eat more snack foods that are high sugar and salt

Question 19

Lifestyle

Answer 19

Obesity, HBP and CHD

A lack of time for shopping and preparing meals may result in convenience food and fast food meals being used

Question 20

What is diabetes?

Answer 20

The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our body. When you have diabetes your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or cant use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugar to build up in the blood

Question 21

How does diabetes effect health?

Answer 21

More at risk of:
Heart disease
Strokes
HBP
Kidney failure
Blindness

Question 22

What is osteoporosis

Answer 22

From childhood to adulthood are bones develop to their peak bone mass which means bones are at their maximum strength and density. As we get older we start to slowly lose calcium from our bones which increases risk of osteoporosis a disease which makes bones more brittle.

Question 23

How does osteoporosis effect health?

Answer 23

Bone becomes thinner and weaker which makes them easier to break

Question 24

How to prevent osteoporosis

Answer 24

Sufficient Vitamin D to help calcium absorption
Low salt intake as high salt will cause calcium loss from bones
Regular exercise can increase bone strength and thickness
Not smoking as nicotine can cause bone loss

Question 25

What causes Anaemia and effect on help

Answer 25

A shortage of iron and low intake of Vitamin C - feeling weak and constantly tired High intake of fibre or phytic acid - prevents iron absorption Less red meat eaten Snacking or grazing instead of traditional meals

Question 26

Constipation

Answer 26

Lack of fibre and water | Stools become hard and difficult to remove from body

Question 27

Diverticular disease

Answer 27

Extra strain on muscular walls of the small intestine because of constipation then diverticulitis can occur especially if stool are hard then the muscular wall has to work harder to move the stool along Increased pressure can allow muscle to weaken and pouches to form which can become infected and very painful

Question 28

Bowel cancer

Answer 28

Diet high in fat and red meat and low in fibre, fruit and veg can increase risk of bowel cancer Obesity, high alcohol intake and a lack of exercise have also been linked to bowel cancer

Question 29

Dental Caries

Answer 29

Food that contain high sugar can turn into plaque are left sticking to teeth. Bacteria attack the plaque and change it into acid which will gradually eat away at the enamel on the teeth and decay will start

Question 30

Effect of dental caries on health

Answer 30

Not enough calcium, phosphorus and Vit D as theyu give teeth their hardness Vitamin C keeps gum healthy Too much salt can lead to a loss of calcium and weakens the teeth