Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NAPLEX > Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Dietary Supplements Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Complementary medicine refers to…

A

health practices (eg. dietary supplements and acupuncture) that are used with conventional medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dietary supplements are regulated by the…

A

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverse events from supplements can be reported to the…

A

FDA’s Safety Reporting Portal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FDAble is…

A

a searchable database of adverse events caused by dietary supplements, medications, devices and tobacco products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and adverse event reporting are…

A

required by law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Manufacturers cannot make claims that…

A

the product treats or cures a condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Four areas of concern are supplements…

A

that interact with Rx drugs, increased bleeding risk, or cause heart/liver toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

St. John’s Wort (for depression) has several important drug interactions:

A
  • Induces CYP450 3A4, 2C19, 2C9, 1A2, and P-gp, which lowers levels of other drugs (~75%)
  • Do not combine with many drugs (OCs, warfarin, transplant drugs)
  • serotonergic (do not use with MAO inhibitors)
  • causes photosensitivity (counsel)
  • may lower the seizure threshold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Increase bleeding risk: “5 Gs”

A
  • 5 Gs: garlic, ginger, gingko biloba, ginseng, glucosamine
  • fish oils (at higher doses)
  • vitamin E
  • dong quai
  • willow bark (salicylate); do not use with anticoagulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Liver toxic

A
  • black cohosh (used for menopausal symptoms)
  • kava (for stress/anxiety)
  • chaparral, comfrey
  • green tea “extracts”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heart toxic

A
  • ephedra (removed from market). Bitter orange replaced ephedra in many products. It contains Synephrine, an isomer of phenylephrine. (stimulants, increase BP and HR)
  • DMAA (dimethylamylamine) is an amphetamine derivative that is used in body-building/performance-enhancement products.
  • Licorice contains glycyrrhizin (can lower K and increase BP)
  • Yohimbe is used to increase libido and for ED (raises BP, increases HR, and has a risk of seizure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

caffeine (in excess); aka yerba mate; guarana

A

can raise BP and increase HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

B vitamins

A 
B1- thiamine
B2- riboflavin 
B3- niacin
B6- pyridoxine
B9- folic acid 
B12- cobalamin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) makes the following recommendation for vitamin D:

A
  • Exclusively breastfed infants or babies drinking <1 L of baby formula need 400 IU of vitamin D daily. Ex. Poly-Vi-Sol
  • Older children who do not drink at least 4 cups of vitamin D fortified milk also need vitamin D supplementation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All women of childbearing age should obtain…

A

400 mcg/day of folic acid. Folate should be taken at least 1 month before pregnancy and be continued for the first 2-3 months of pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During pregnancy, folate requirements increase to 600 mcg/day. Rx prenatal vitamins usually contain…

A

1,000 mcg, or 1 mg, of folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Breastfed babies need 1 mg/kg/day from 4-6 months old and until…

A

consuming iron-rich foods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alcoholism. Recommend supplementing with…

A

vitamin B1 (thiamine), folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

microcytic anemia. Recommend supplementing with…

A

ferrous sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

macrocytic anemia. Recommend supplementing with…

A

vitamin B12 and/or folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pregnancy. Recommend supplementing with…

A

folate, Ca, Vitamin D, pyridoxine (Vit B6) for nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

osteopenia/osteoporosis/osteomalacia (Rickets)

A

Ca, Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CKD

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Scurvy

25
Crohn's Disease (and possibly UC)
Patient-specific (depends on levels); can require iron, zinc, folate, calcium, vitamin D, B vitamins
26
acetazolamide can deplete...
Ca, K
27
antiepileptics can deplete...
Ca
28
amphotericin B can deplete...
Mg, K
29
Isoniazid can deplete...
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
30
Loop diuretics can deplete...
K
31
Metformin can deplete...
Vitamin B12
32
Methotrexate can deplete...
folate
33
Orlistat can deplete...
beta-carotene, fat-soluble vitamins (supplement)
34
PPIs can deplete...
Mg, vitamin B12 ( >2 years of tx)
35
Sulfamethoxazole can deplete...
folate
36
chondroitin safety issue
bleeding risk at higher doses; increased INR with warfarin
37
dong quai safety issue
increased bleeding risk (eg. with concurrent use of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, salicylates)
38
echinacea safety issue
controversial safety issue with autoimmune disorders; use cautiously with other members of Asteraceae family
39
evening primrose oil; provides essential fatty acids (gamma-linoleic acid, or GLA)
Provides essential fatty acids, anti-inflammatory
40
feverfew (for migraines) safety issue
Mouth ulceration (inflammation of the oral cavity/tongue); increased bleeding risk (eg. with concurrent use of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, salicylates)
41
Fibers (barley, psyllium, oat bran) safety issue
GI effects, if the body is not used to fiber intake
42
Garcinia cambogia safety issue
may be serotonergic
43
Hawthorn (for heart health) safety issue
positive inotrope; avoid concurrent use with digoxin (additive effect), decrease BP; caution for additive effect with BP-lowering drugs
44
L-arginine (for HTN) safety issue
L-arginine converts into nitric oxide (NO), decreases BP, and increases dizziness. Avoid concurrent use with nitrates
45
Melatonin (for sleep) safety issue
when used chronically, endogenous melatonin can be decreased, resulting in dependency for sleep
46
Omega-3 fatty acids, "fish oils". safety issue
Increased bleeding risk with high doses, can increase LDL
47
Passionflower (for anxiety) safety issue
QT prolongation; avoid with QT risk/other drugs
48
Probiotics safety issue
Separate use from oral antibiotics, safety concern with use of live bacteria in immune-compromised states
49
Red yeast rice (contains a natural form of lovastatin) safety issue
CYP450 inhibitors (eg. amiodarone) will increase red yeast level; decreases coenzyme Q10, which may increase myopathy risk; do not use with statins
50
SAMe (used for depression, osteoarthritis) safety issue
Serotonergic, increased risk with other serotonergic drugs. Increased bleeding risk, do not use in bipolar due to increased risk manic behavior
51
Soy, red clover, panax ginseng mild phyto-(plant) estrogens (for menopause) safety issue
Soy might increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, wo are not producing estradiol
52
Valerian (for anxiety) safety issue
sedation, CNS depressant; risk with concurrent CNS depressants
53
vinpocetine (for memory) safety issue
semi-synthetic and derived from a plant product; FDA issued a warning for fetal harm
54
vitamin C safety issue
False-negative stool occult blood 48-72 hours after ascorbic acid ingestion
55
vitamin E safety issue
Do not exceed 400 IU daily; bleeding risk, CVD risk
56
yohimbe (for libido and ED) safety issue
increased BP, HR, seizure risk
57
zinc safety issue
nasal products can cause loss of smell
58
Iron-only supplements
- Fer-In-Sol Iron Supplement drops | - Feosol tablets and caplets
59
Poly-Vi-Sol Vitamin D drops with iron
use if both vitamin D and iron are needed

NAPLEX (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions