dif

Question 1

a branch of community medicine dealing with the health of the working individuals, in the different work places, who are exposed to a wide range of occupational diseases, hazards or injuries.

Answer 1

Occupational Health

Question 2

any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.

Answer 2

Impairment

Question 3

a disadvantage resulting from an impairment or a disability that limits fulfillment of a normal role.

Answer 3

Handicap

Question 4

it is a disease that result from exposure to a specific causative agent in a work place.

Answer 4

Occupational disease

Question 5

it is an injury arising during the course of employment. It may be: mechanical , thermal , chemical or physical injuries.

Answer 5

Occupational injuries

Question 6

It is a disease that may be aggravated, accelerated or exacerbated by work exposures e.g. bronchial asthma, heart attack…

Answer 6

Work-related disease

Question 7

It is an organized activities to protect , promote & improve the health of the working people and protect them from different physical , chemical, mental, social, or biological hazards in the working environment.

Answer 7

Occupational Health Programs

Question 8

physicians who specialize in treating patients with work-related illnesses or injuries, and conduct the workplace management with health administrators.

Answer 8

Occupational health doctors

Question 9

Their duties include recognition , evaluation & control of workplace hazards, also responsible for waste disposal , control air & water pollution.

Answer 9

Occupational Hygienists

Question 10

Defined as unwanted sound.

Answer 10

Noise

Question 11

The unit to measure the frequency or pitch of sound.

Answer 11

Hertz (Hz)

Question 12

The unit to measure the sound intensity.

Answer 12

Discibles (dB):

Question 13

A naturally occurring mineral, is found in the Earth’s crust in small amounts. Due to human activities, in mining, manufacturing and burning fossil fuels, can now be found throughout our environment ..

Answer 13

Lead

Question 14

Lead poisoning classified ? depends on

Answer 14

1- The amount of lead in the blood and tissues.

2- The time of exposure.

Question 15

lead poisning treatmant

Answer 15

Treatment for lead poisoning includes removing the source of lead, getting good nutrition, and, in some cases, havingchelationtherapy.

Question 16

a therapy for mercury or lead poisoning that binds the toxins in the bloodstream by circulating a chelating solution

Answer 16

chelating therapy

Question 17

is a heavy metal occurring in several forms, all of which can produce toxic effects in high enough doses.

Answer 17

mercury

Question 18

is a disease caused by exposure to mercury or its compounds.

Answer 18

Mercury poisoning (also known as hydrargyria or mercurialism)

Question 19

Mercury poisoning classified ? depends on…

Answer 19

the chemical form of mercury
the dose
the age of the person exposed (the fetus is the most susceptible)
the duration of exposure
the route of exposure – inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, etc.
the health of the person exposed.

Question 20

Mercury poisoning classified ? depends on…

Answer 20

the chemical form of mercury
the dose
the age of the person exposed (the fetus is the most susceptible)
the duration of exposure
the route of exposure – inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, etc.
the health of the person exposed.

Question 21

chronic, prolonged lung disease that is caused by continuous inhalation of asbestosis particles. may scarring of the lungs that leads to breathing problems and heart failure.

Answer 21

Asbestosis

Question 22

mineral fiber that occurs in rock and soil.

Answer 22

Asbestos

Question 23

Asbestosis classified ? depends on…

Answer 23

duration and the amount of exposed

Question 24

is a common, naturally occurring crystal. It is found in most rock beds and forms dust during mining, quarrying, tunneling, and working with many metal ores.

Answer 24

Silica

Question 25

Is a respiratory disease caused by breathing | in (inhaling) silica dust

Answer 25

Silicosis

Question 26

disease of the lungs brought on by breathing in cotton dust or dusts from other vegetable fibers such as flax, hemp, or sisal while at work.

Answer 26

Byssinosis

Question 27

exams and tests to diagnose Byssinosis include

Answer 27

Chest x-ray CT scan chest Pulmonary function tests

Question 28

type of food poisoning caused by the Salmonella Bacterium.

Answer 28

Salmonellosis

Question 29

Salmonellosis is diagnosed based on...

Answer 29

medical history and a physical exam, A stool culture and blood tests may be done to confirm the diagnosis.

Question 30

An infectious disease that occurs from contact with animals carrying Brucella bacteria.

Answer 30

Brucellosis

Question 31

how is Brucellosis diagnosed?

Answer 31

``` Blood culture Bone marrow culture Clean catch urine culture CSF culture Serology for brucellosis antigen Fabrile/cold agglutinins Quantitative immunoglobulins (nephelometry) Serum immunoelectrophoresis ```

Question 32

A type of general confined space hazard that exists when electrical or mechanical equipment may be accidentally activated.

Answer 32

Mechanical hazards

Question 33

Classification of the injuries: dependns on...

Answer 33

``` intent. nature or type of injury body part affected mechanism of injury activity during injury unsafe act cause of injury ```

Question 34

the emission of energy in the form of waves or particles.

Answer 34

Radiation

Question 35

the least penetrating. It can be stopped (or absorbed) by a sheet of paper.

Answer 35

Alpha radiation

Question 36

can penetrate air and paper. It can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium.

Answer 36

Beta radiation

Question 37

the most penetrating type of radiation. Even small levels can penetrate air, paper or thin metal. Higher levels can only be stopped by many centimetres of lead, or many metres of concrete

Answer 37

Gamma radiation

Question 38

Form of invisible energy given off by the sun.

Answer 38

Ultraviolet (UV) rays

Question 39

type of UV rays cause skin cells to age and can cause some damage to cells' DNA. They are mainly linked to long-term skin damage such as wrinkles.

Answer 39

UVA rays

Question 40

type of UV rays mainly responsible for direct damage to the DNA.

Answer 40

UVB rays

Question 41

type of UV rays don't penetrate our atmosphere and therefore are not present in sunlight.

Answer 41

UVC rays

Question 42

Unprotected exposure to UV rays can lead to:

Answer 42

``` sunburn prematurely aged skin wrinkles loss of skin elasticity dark patches pre-cancerous skin changes (such as dry, scaly, rough patches called actinic keratoses). Skin cancers ```

Question 43

The amount of UV light reaching the ground in any given place depends on a number of factors, including the time of day, time of year, elevation, and cloud cover.

Answer 43

UV index

Question 44

Most common cancers of the skin are:

Answer 44

Basal cell cancers and squamous cell cancers

Question 45

the occurrance of skin cancer is related to:

Answer 45

the amount of sun exposure over a person's lifetime.

Question 46

A whole system approach to assessing workplace should include 2 things

Answer 46

Risk assessment. | Health need analysis.

Question 47

one of the risk analysis process provide information based on analysis of data: form, magnitude, characteristics.

Answer 47

Risk assessment

Question 48

one of the risk analysis process consider political decisions, taking measures based on assessment considering legal, political, social, economic, engineering nature.

Answer 48

Risk management

Question 49

Steps of risk assessment and management

Answer 49

1. Hazard identification. (assessment) 2. Exposure assessment. 3. Effects assessment. 4. Risk characterization. 5. Risk classification. (management) 6. Identification and risk-benefit analysis of risk reduction options. 7. Risk reduction. 8. Monitoring and review.